Forestry/Tree List

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The 2012 Official Tree List may be found [[Media:ForestryTreeList12FINAL.pdf|here]].

Ginkgo biloba (Ginkgo)
Ginkgo is a unique gymnosperm in the monotypic family Ginkgoaceae. It is also classified in it's own division of Plantae, Ginkgophyta, as opposed to Pinophyta or Magnoliophyta. It is a well known example of a living fossil, although several other species in the Ginkgo genus have also been found in the fossil record. Ginkgo fossils first appeared in the Early Jurassic and became widespread throughout Laurasia, but they disappeared at the end of the Pliocene (about 2 mya) except for in a small area of central China. Today they are widely cultivated around the world, although they are classified as endangered by the IUCN due to their small natural range.

Ginkgos are large trees with somewhat erratic branches and a very long life span. The leaves are very distinctive, being fan-shaped with veins radiating from the base and constantly dividing in two (dichotomous venation). Gingko Leaves

Taxus brevifolia (Pacific Yew)
The Pacific Yew is a conifer native to the Pacific Northwest of North America. It is easily distinguished by it's modified cones, which resemble bright red berries. These are not berries; they are called arils and are a a modified scale of a seed cone, analogous to the cones of pines. They begin as a green band around the base of the seed and develop into the fleshy red "false-fruit". The leaves are green, flat, and lanceolate. They are arranged spirally on the stem but appear to be in two flat rows due to a twist in the leaf base.

Intro to Abies (Firs)
The genus Abies contains the true firs, and includes 48-55 species worldwide and 11 native to North America. Firs are characterized by short, soft, and blunt needles. Cones are upright on the twig and can range from 2 inches to 7 inches in the case of the California Red Fir (A. magnifica). The leaves are curved up on branches with cones; these usually occur high up on the tree. During the fall, cone scales fall off individually, leaving only a central spike. Drops of white resin can often be found on mature cones.

Abies balsamea (Balsam Fir)
The Balsam Fir is a tree native to the Northeast US and much of Northeast and Central Canada.

Abies concolor (White Fir)
The White Fir is native to the mountainous regions of the southwest US, and its wood is generally undesirable due to its poor wood quality, softness, and knots. There are two subspecies, and it is closely related to the Grand Fir.

Abies grandis (Grand Fir)
The Grand Fir is native to the northwest regions, mainly in Washington. Often used as an ornamental tree due to its scent, it is used for only cheap constructions. Identifiable by its flat needle growth pattern. The tree is also used as lumber, pulp, and the leaves and bark were used by Native peoples for dyes, medicines, air fresheners, religious regalia, and basketry. The resin from it's blisters have a variety of uses. (ex. a sealant for wood exposed to water.)

Abies lasiocarpa (Subalpine Fir)
While this tree is restricted to spotty areas of the northwest US, it is heavily prominent in Canada. Grows to a medium size and is used in paper manufacture. This tree has a blue shade, with cone up to 12 cm. The needles are arranged in a vertical, flat pattern, but with twisted petioles. The bark is generally smooth but becomes scaly as the tree matures. While no official subspecies, there are three taxa. The tree shape is tapering, and becomes very thin near the top of the tree, growing many times taller than wide.

Larix laricina (Tamarack)
Tamarack, also known as Larch, is one of two conifers on the National List to be deciduous. The needles are characterized as radiating in clusters from the branches. The cones are similar to hemlocks but stand upright. It is easily found in boreal forest bogs, ranges from the Canadian Atlantic Provinces and the Northeast to Alaska.

Larix occidentalis (Western Larch)
The Western Larch is extremely similar to an American Larch, and cones are needed to confidentally tell the two apart. The needles on Western Larch are slightly longer than those of Tamarack, and the cones have bracts projecting.

Acer negundo (Boxelder)
This species has 3-7 irregularly shaped leaflets, rather than a single, palmately lobed leaf usual in most maples. It is dioecious, with male and female parts on different trees. It is found across the breadth of the United States.

Acer rubrum (Red Maple)
This maple is distinguished from other maples by the presence of three serrated lobes. The samara are slightly divergent. Acer rubrum is native to the Eastern United States from Florida to Southern Canada. Often found in swamps.

Acer saccharinum (Silver Maple)
This maple is often distinguished by five deep and serrated lobes. The term Silver comes from the underside of the leaf, which are usually a brilliant white. Note however, that Red Maple can also be silver underneath. This species also has the largest samara of the native maples.

Acer saccharum (Sugar Maple)
This tree is used to make maple syrup. It is the state tree of Vermont. This species has lobes that are deeper than red maples, but not as deep as Silver Maples. The leaf tips often have an overall rounded appearance. The samara are unusual in that the wings turn brown while seeds are green.