Chemistry Lab/Gas Laws

This page refers to the 2016 focus of Chemistry Lab.

Avogadro's Law
Avogadro's Law, also known as Avogadro's hypothesis or Avogadro's principle, says equal volumes of all gases, at the same temperature and pressure, have the same number of moles. In particular, the volume of a gas is proportional to the number of moles, which can be written as:
 * [math]V \propto n\,[/math]

Where V is the volume of the gas and n is the amount of the gas in moles.

Boyle's Law
Boyle's law states that the pressure of a gas increases as the volume of its container decreases, which can be written as:
 * [math]P_1 V_1 = P_2 V_2[/math]

where P is the pressure of the gas and V is the volume of the gas.

Charles' Law
Charles' law states that a temperature increase in gas causes it to expand, which can be written as:
 * [math]\frac{V_1}{T_1} = \frac{V_2}{T_2}[/math]

where V is the volume of the gas and T is the temperature of the gas.

Dalton's Law
Dalton's Law, also known as Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures, states that in a mixsture of non-reacting gases, the total pressure exerted is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the individual gases. This can be expressed in mathematical terms as:
 * [math]P_{total} = P_1 + P_2 + ... + P_n[/math]

Definition of Variables
P=Pressure V=Volume n=moles R=Gas constant T=temperature

Gas Constants

 * List 82.055 cm3 atm K-1 mol-1
 * List 0.082055 L atm mol-1 K-1
 * List 8.31434 J mol-1 K-1
 * List 1.9872 cal K-1 mol-1
 * List 8314.34 L Pa mol-1 K-1
 * List 8.31434 Pa m3 mol-1 K-1.

Memorization
HERE’S AN EASY WAY TO MEMORIZE ALL OF THIS! Start with the combined gas law: P1V1T2 = P2V2T1 Memorize it. Next, put the fellas’ names in alphabetical order. Boyle’s uses the first 2 variables, Charles’ the second 2 variables & Gay-Lussac’s the remaining combination of variables. What ever doesn’t appear in the formula, is being held CONSTANT!