Anatomy/Skeletal System

The skeletal system is a topic of the event Anatomy.

For the skeletal system you will need to know:
 * 1) The names of the bones and their surface anatomy as shown on a diagram or X-ray
 * 2) Name, structure, and function of types of joints and ranges allowed by each joint
 * 3) Structures of bones in cross-section
 * 4) How to distinguish between types of vertebrae
 * 5) Diseases such as osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, disc herniation, and scoliosis
 * 6) Effects of exercise on the skeletal system

Bone Types
Long bone: Type that makes up most of the arms and legs (often associated with your limbs). They are classified as bones that have a greater length then width.

Flat bone: Found in areas such as the ribs and cranium. (They are expanded into broad, flat plates.) These bones serve to protect internal organs.

Short bone: Found in areas such as the carpals of your wrist and tarsals of your ankles. They are classified as bones that have a greater width than length.

Sesamoid Bones: A sub-section of Short bone found within tendons. Named for their "Sesame Seed" shape. (Ex. Patella, Pisiform)

Irregular Bones: Bones found that don't fit into other categories. (Ex. Hip bones, vertebrae)

Types of Joints
Ball and Socket: one side of the joint is a rounded, ball-shaped bone, which fits into a cup-like socket of a different bone; allows for a huge range of movement and is found in the hip and the shoulder

Condyloid: an ovoid head of one bone moves in an elliptical cavity of another, allowing all movements except axial rotation; this type is found at the wrist to connect the radius and carpal bones, and at the base of the index finger

Saddle: similar movements to a condyloid joint, a joint where two saddle-shaped ends of a bone meet, found in the thumbs

Hinge: only allows flexing and extending movement; found in the elbow, knee, and in the phalanges of both the fingers and toes

Pivot: one bone rotates around another, allows rotating movement similar to that of a lid on a jar

Resources

 * Skeletal System
 * Skeletal tutorials
 * Great tutorial on the human skeleton