Anatomy/Muscle List

This is a list of muscles tested on in the Muscular System portion of Anatomy. Also see Anatomy/Muscle List.

Muscles That Move the Lower Extremities


{|class="sortable" style="text-align:center" !Muscle Name!!Origin!!Insertion!!Function!!Picture
 * +Muscles That Move the Lower Extremities
 * Iliopsoas(made up of 3 muscles: see below)||||||||
 * Iliacus||Iliac fossa within abdomen||Lowermost surface of lesser trochanter of femur||Flexes medially rotates hip||Iliacus.jpg
 * Psoas major||Transverse processes of L1-5, bodies of T12-L5 and intervertebral discs below bodies of T12-L4||Middle surface of lesser trochanter of femur||Flexes and laterally rotates hip||Psoas_Major.jpg
 * Psoas minor||Bodies of T12 and L1 and intervening intervertebral disc||Fascia over psoas major and iliacus||Weak flexor of trunk)||Psoas_Minor.jpg
 * Sartorius||Immediately below anterior superior iliac spine||Upper medial surface of shaft of tibia||Flexes, abducts, laterally rotates thigh at hip. Flexes, medially rotates leg at knee||sartorius.png
 * Gluteus maximus||Outer surface of ilium behind posterior gluteal line and posterior third of iliac crest lumbar fascia, lateral mass of sacrum, sacrotuberous ligament and coccyx||Deepest quarter into gluteal tuberosity of femur, remaining three quarters into iliotibial tract (anterior surface of lateral condyle of tibia)||Extends and laterally rotates hip. Maintains knee extended via iliotibial tract; chief antigravity muscle when sitting||gluteusmaximus.png
 * Gluteus medius||Outer surface of ilium between posterior and middle gluteal lines||Posterolateral surface of greater trocanter of femur||Abducts and medially rotates hip. Tilts pelvis when walking||gluteusmedius.png
 * Tensor fasciae latae||Outer surface of anterior iliac crest between tubercle of the iliac crest and anterior superior iliac spine||Iliotibial tract (anterior surface of lateral condyle of tibia)||Maintains knee extended (assists gluteus maximus) and abducts hip||tensorfasciaelatae.png
 * Adductor longus||Body of pubis inferior and medial to pubic tubercle||Lower two thirds of medial linea aspera||Adducts and medially rotates hip||adductorlongus.png
 * Gracilis||Outer surface of ischiopubic ramus||Upper medial shaft of tibia below sartorius||Adducts hip. Flexes knee and medially rotates flexed knee||gracilis.png
 * Semimembranosus||Upper outer quadrant of posterior surface of ischial tuberosity||Medial condyle of tibia below articular margin, fascia over popliteus and oblique popliteal ligament||Flexes and medially rotates knee. Extends hip||semimembranosus.png
 * Semitendinosus||Upper inner quadrant of posterior surface of ischial tuberosity||Upper medial shaft of tibia below gracilis||Flexes and medially rotates knee. Extends hip||Semitendinosus.jpg
 * Biceps femoris||Long head: upper inner quadrant of posterior surface of ischial tuberosity. Short head:middle third of linea aspera, lateral supracondylar ridge of femur||Styloid process of head of fibula. lateral collateral ligament and lateral tibial condyle||Flexes and laterally rotates knee. Long head extends hip|| Biceps_Femoris.jpg
 * Rectus femoris||Straight head: anterior inferior iliac spine. Reflected head: ilium above acetabulum||Quadriceps tendon to patella, via ligamentum patellae into tubercle of tibia||Extends leg at knee. Flexes thigh at hip||Rectus_Femoris.jpg
 * Vastus lateralis||Upper intertrochanteric line, base of greater trochanter, lateral linea aspera, lateral supracondylar ridge and lateral intermuscular septum||Lateral quadriceps tendon to patella, via ligamentum patellae into tubercle of tibia||Extends knee||Vastus_Lateralis.jpg
 * Vastus intermedius||Anterior and lateral shaft of femur||Quadriceps tendon to patella, via ligamentum patellae into tubercle of tibia||Extends knee||Vastus_Intermdedius.jpg
 * Vastus medialis||Lower intertrochanteric line, spiral line, medial linea aspera and medial intermuscular septum||Medial quadriceps tendon to patella and directly into medial patella, via ligamentum patellae into tubercle of tibia||Extends knee. Stabilizes patella||Vastus_Medialis.png
 * Tibialis anterior||Upper half of lateral shaft of tibia and interosseous membrane||Inferomedial aspect of medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal||Extends and inverts foot at ankle. Holds up medial longitudinal arch of foot||Tibialis_Anterior.gif
 * Gastrocnemius||Lateral head: posterior surface of lateral condyle of femur and highest of three facets on lateral condyle. medial head: posterior surface of femur above medial condyle||Tendo calcaneus to middle of three facets on posterior aspect of calcaneus||Plantar flexes foot. Flexes knee||Gastrocnemius.png
 * Soleus||Soleal line and middle third of posterior border of tibia and upper quarter of posterior shaft of fibula including neck||Tendo calcaneus to middle of three facets on posterior surface of calcaneus||Plantar flexes foot (aids venous return)||Soleus.jpg
 * Peroneus longus||Upper two thirds of lateral shaft of fibula, head of fibula and superior tibiofibular joint||Plantar aspect of base of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform, passing deep to long plantar ligament||Plantar flexes and everts foot. Supports lateral longitudinal and transverse arches||Peroneus_l_b.jpg
 * Peroneus brevis||Lower two thirds lateral shaft of fibula||Tuberosity of base of 5th metatarsal||Plantar flexes and everts foot. Supports lateral longitudinal arch||Peroneus_Brevis.jpg
 * Semitendinosus||Upper inner quadrant of posterior surface of ischial tuberosity||Upper medial shaft of tibia below gracilis||Flexes and medially rotates knee. Extends hip||Semitendinosus.jpg
 * Biceps femoris||Long head: upper inner quadrant of posterior surface of ischial tuberosity. Short head:middle third of linea aspera, lateral supracondylar ridge of femur||Styloid process of head of fibula. lateral collateral ligament and lateral tibial condyle||Flexes and laterally rotates knee. Long head extends hip|| Biceps_Femoris.jpg
 * Rectus femoris||Straight head: anterior inferior iliac spine. Reflected head: ilium above acetabulum||Quadriceps tendon to patella, via ligamentum patellae into tubercle of tibia||Extends leg at knee. Flexes thigh at hip||Rectus_Femoris.jpg
 * Vastus lateralis||Upper intertrochanteric line, base of greater trochanter, lateral linea aspera, lateral supracondylar ridge and lateral intermuscular septum||Lateral quadriceps tendon to patella, via ligamentum patellae into tubercle of tibia||Extends knee||Vastus_Lateralis.jpg
 * Vastus intermedius||Anterior and lateral shaft of femur||Quadriceps tendon to patella, via ligamentum patellae into tubercle of tibia||Extends knee||Vastus_Intermdedius.jpg
 * Vastus medialis||Lower intertrochanteric line, spiral line, medial linea aspera and medial intermuscular septum||Medial quadriceps tendon to patella and directly into medial patella, via ligamentum patellae into tubercle of tibia||Extends knee. Stabilizes patella||Vastus_Medialis.png
 * Tibialis anterior||Upper half of lateral shaft of tibia and interosseous membrane||Inferomedial aspect of medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal||Extends and inverts foot at ankle. Holds up medial longitudinal arch of foot||Tibialis_Anterior.gif
 * Gastrocnemius||Lateral head: posterior surface of lateral condyle of femur and highest of three facets on lateral condyle. medial head: posterior surface of femur above medial condyle||Tendo calcaneus to middle of three facets on posterior aspect of calcaneus||Plantar flexes foot. Flexes knee||Gastrocnemius.png
 * Soleus||Soleal line and middle third of posterior border of tibia and upper quarter of posterior shaft of fibula including neck||Tendo calcaneus to middle of three facets on posterior surface of calcaneus||Plantar flexes foot (aids venous return)||Soleus.jpg
 * Peroneus longus||Upper two thirds of lateral shaft of fibula, head of fibula and superior tibiofibular joint||Plantar aspect of base of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform, passing deep to long plantar ligament||Plantar flexes and everts foot. Supports lateral longitudinal and transverse arches||Peroneus_l_b.jpg
 * Peroneus brevis||Lower two thirds lateral shaft of fibula||Tuberosity of base of 5th metatarsal||Plantar flexes and everts foot. Supports lateral longitudinal arch||Peroneus_Brevis.jpg
 * Vastus medialis||Lower intertrochanteric line, spiral line, medial linea aspera and medial intermuscular septum||Medial quadriceps tendon to patella and directly into medial patella, via ligamentum patellae into tubercle of tibia||Extends knee. Stabilizes patella||Vastus_Medialis.png
 * Tibialis anterior||Upper half of lateral shaft of tibia and interosseous membrane||Inferomedial aspect of medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal||Extends and inverts foot at ankle. Holds up medial longitudinal arch of foot||Tibialis_Anterior.gif
 * Gastrocnemius||Lateral head: posterior surface of lateral condyle of femur and highest of three facets on lateral condyle. medial head: posterior surface of femur above medial condyle||Tendo calcaneus to middle of three facets on posterior aspect of calcaneus||Plantar flexes foot. Flexes knee||Gastrocnemius.png
 * Soleus||Soleal line and middle third of posterior border of tibia and upper quarter of posterior shaft of fibula including neck||Tendo calcaneus to middle of three facets on posterior surface of calcaneus||Plantar flexes foot (aids venous return)||Soleus.jpg
 * Peroneus longus||Upper two thirds of lateral shaft of fibula, head of fibula and superior tibiofibular joint||Plantar aspect of base of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform, passing deep to long plantar ligament||Plantar flexes and everts foot. Supports lateral longitudinal and transverse arches||Peroneus_l_b.jpg
 * Peroneus brevis||Lower two thirds lateral shaft of fibula||Tuberosity of base of 5th metatarsal||Plantar flexes and everts foot. Supports lateral longitudinal arch||Peroneus_Brevis.jpg
 * Soleus||Soleal line and middle third of posterior border of tibia and upper quarter of posterior shaft of fibula including neck||Tendo calcaneus to middle of three facets on posterior surface of calcaneus||Plantar flexes foot (aids venous return)||Soleus.jpg
 * Peroneus longus||Upper two thirds of lateral shaft of fibula, head of fibula and superior tibiofibular joint||Plantar aspect of base of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform, passing deep to long plantar ligament||Plantar flexes and everts foot. Supports lateral longitudinal and transverse arches||Peroneus_l_b.jpg
 * Peroneus brevis||Lower two thirds lateral shaft of fibula||Tuberosity of base of 5th metatarsal||Plantar flexes and everts foot. Supports lateral longitudinal arch||Peroneus_Brevis.jpg
 * Peroneus brevis||Lower two thirds lateral shaft of fibula||Tuberosity of base of 5th metatarsal||Plantar flexes and everts foot. Supports lateral longitudinal arch||Peroneus_Brevis.jpg
 * Peroneus brevis||Lower two thirds lateral shaft of fibula||Tuberosity of base of 5th metatarsal||Plantar flexes and everts foot. Supports lateral longitudinal arch||Peroneus_Brevis.jpg