Heredity B/Designer Genes C

[isotelus]

1. When did the Human Genome Project end?

2. Describe and explain how CRISPR works.

3. Why does DNA and RNA head to one side of the gel during gel electrophoresis?

[greenmilktea]

1. When did the Human Genome Project end?

2. Describe and explain how CRISPR works.

3. Why does DNA and RNA head to one side of the gel during gel electrophoresis?

:0

1. 2003
2. The Cas9 endonuclease enzyme is guided by RNA (CRISPR sequences) to recognize and cleave specific sections of the genetic DNA that are complementary to the RNA sequence.
3. Gel electrophoresis consists of gel with a positively charged electrode on the far end and a negatively charged electrode on the close end. The DNA begins in the negatively charged end. Because DNA and RNA have negative charges, they will move through the gel as a result of the attraction.

[isotelus]

Looks good, go ahead!

[greenmilktea]

1. Name several similarities and differences between miRNA and siRNA.
2. What role does the TATA box play in RNA transcription?
3. Why does it make sense for the substitution of a valine for a glutamine in the hemoglobin protein to cause the red blood cell to adopt a sickle-like shape? Think amino acid interactions.

[Tailsfan101]

Since this is kind of dead:
Name the genetic disorder referred to by each question.
1. When a man inherits an extra X chromosome
2. When a woman only inherits one X chromosome
3. Also known as Trisomy 21

[jxxu20]

1. Klinefelter Syndrome
2. Turner Syndrome
3. Down Syndrome

[Tailsfan101]

1. Klinefelter Syndrome
2. Turner Syndrome
3. Down Syndrome

Correct, your turn. Also, remember to use [answer] when you post your answers.

[jxxu20]

Whoops.

1. In poultry, the dominant allele B can result in black feathers. Its other allele, b, can produce white splashed feathers. The factors O and C are both required for any color at all in the feathers. Homozygous recessiveness at either locus results in white feathers. Two completely white birds mate and produce an F1 that is all black. What are the genotypes of the parents and the progeny?

2. How is pre-mRNA processed?

3. How does cytokinesis occur in plant cell mitosis, and how is this different from cytokinesis in animal cells?

4. What is the Shine-Dalgarno sequence and its function?

[Tailsfan101]

Since this seems to have died, I'll post some new questions.

For questions 1-10, list whether the disorder is:
a. autosomal dominant
b. autosomal recessive
c. X-linked dominant
d. X-linked recessive
e. Y-linked
f. nondisjunction

1. hairy ears
2. spina bifida
3. Beta thalassemia
4. Tay-Sachs Disease
5. Nonsyndromic deafness
6. Chronic simple glaucoma
7. ichthyosis simplex
8. Lesch-Nyhan Disease
9. Phenylketonuria
10. Fragile X Syndrome

[SonicSpeed]

Since this seems to have died, I'll post some new questions.

For questions 1-10, list whether the disorder is:
a. autosomal dominant
b. autosomal recessive
c. X-linked dominant
d. X-linked recessive
e. Y-linked
f. nondisjunction

1. hairy ears
2. spina bifida
3. Beta thalassemia
4. Tay-Sachs Disease
5. Nonsyndromic deafness
6. Chronic simple glaucoma
7. ichthyosis simplex
8. Lesch-Nyhan Disease
9. Phenylketonuria
10. Fragile X Syndrome

Answer

1. e
2. Isn't it multifactorial?
3. b
4. b
5. a
6. a
7. c
8. d
9. b
10. d

[Tailsfan101]

Since this seems to have died, I'll post some new questions.

For questions 1-10, list whether the disorder is:
a. autosomal dominant
b. autosomal recessive
c. X-linked dominant
d. X-linked recessive
e. Y-linked
f. nondisjunction

1. hairy ears
2. spina bifida
3. Beta thalassemia
4. Tay-Sachs Disease
5. Nonsyndromic deafness
6. Chronic simple glaucoma
7. ichthyosis simplex
8. Lesch-Nyhan Disease
9. Phenylketonuria
10. Fragile X Syndrome

Answer

1. e
2. Isn't it multifactorial?
3. b
4. b
5. a
6. a
7. c
8. d
9. b
10. d

Oh, whoops, I forgot to put multifactorial on there! All correct, your turn.

[platypusomelette]

Whoops.

1. In poultry, the dominant allele B can result in black feathers. Its other allele, b, can produce white splashed feathers. The factors O and C are both required for any color at all in the feathers. Homozygous recessiveness at either locus results in white feathers. Two completely white birds mate and produce an F1 that is all black. What are the genotypes of the parents and the progeny?

2. How is pre-mRNA processed?

3. How does cytokinesis occur in plant cell mitosis, and how is this different from cytokinesis in animal cells?

4. What is the Shine-Dalgarno sequence and its function?

1. No idea
2. Immediately after transcription is terminated, a poly-A tail is added to the 3' end and a modified guanine cap is added to the 5' end. Complexes called spliceosomes (made of snRNPs, which are complexes of protein and small nuclear RNA) recognize and splice intron sites, leaving behind only exons, which are later expressed as protein.
3. The cell is split by the growth of a cell plate, which is assembled by vesicles from the golgi body, and cytokinesis in animal cells is carried out by an actin filament ring that pinches the cell in half. I don't know the details of this so if you have a full answer pls tell lol
4. I'm not sure about this one either I think it's the sequence that the ribosome initially sticks to in the beginning of translation in prokaryotes?

[platypusomelette]

1. What is the difference between a transversion and a transition?
2. Explain how RFLPs can be used to identify an individual.
3. What kinds of nucleotides are used in sanger sequencing?
4. What is the purpose of eukaryotic control elements?
5. Name some examples of prezygotic and postzygotic barriers.

[jxxu20]

@platypusomelette Good job!

1: The factors O and C are epistatic genes (they cause the bird to be white), and the parents are both completely white. However, their children (progeny) all have black feathers. Hence, both parents must have a BB genotype for the color gene. Going back to the epistatic gene, homozygous recessiveness for either will result in white coloration, which is present in the parents. However, since the children are colored we know that the parents have a homozygous recessive genotype for one epistatic gene (either O or C), and they must be homozygous dominant at the other locus (since the children are all colored). This must mean that the genotypes of the parents are BBOOcc and BBooCC. Their children will have a genotype of BBOoCc.

3. That's what I have in my notes -- sorry xD

4. Yup! It's usually located somewhere 8-10 bases upstream of the start codon AUG and helps recruit the ribosome for translation.

[platypusomelette]

Bumpo