Anatomy and Physiology B/C

[isotelus]

Ok, thanks!

Questions: (Click to Show Hidden Text)

1. In the aortic arch, there are special cells called baroreceptors. These connect to a nerve which sends up signals to the medulla oblongata- what is the name of this exact nerve for the aortic arch? 
2. What in the heart allows for coordinated contraction of the anterior papillary muscle?
3. Fibrin is well known for reinforcing platelet clots. But which clotting factor forms the cross links of the fibrin, reinforcing that as well?
4. What is the name of the hypotenuse of the Triangle of Koch, and where is this located?
5. A man has the blood type of iBiB, and is homozygous for the rH factor. He has a child with a woman with the blood type of iAiB, who is also homozygous for the rH factor. What is the percent chance that their child will be AB+?
6. What is the most common cofactor needed for the next clotting factor activation?
7. What are the two main cardiovascular centers?
8. Define the RAAS and how it regulates blood pressure.

Probably got these all wrong (Click to Show Hidden Text)

1. Vagus nerve??
2. Chordae tendineae
3. Factor XIII (fibrin stabilizing factor)
4. No clue
5. 50%
6. Thrombin?
7. In the medulla are the accelerator and inhibitor centers
8. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in the kidneys regulates blood pressure because Angiotensin II causes vasoconstriction that leads to an increased blood pressure.

Sorry for the late response!
1. Yes
2. No, it's moderator bands. Chordae tendineae help to stabilize valves while these have branches that cause for more synchronized conduction.
3. Yes
4. It's a triangular structure in the right atrium, with it's boundaries being the coronary sinus orifice, tendon of Todaro, and septal leaflet of the right atrioventricular valve. The longest side is the Tendon of Todaro.
5. Yes
6. Close, that's actually just the last factor before fibrinogen is activated to fibrin. The correct answer is Factor IV, calcium ions
7. I guess that could be counted right, but in actuality the cardioacelerator and cardiodecelerator/inhibitor make up the cardiovascular center, the other one is the vasomotor center.
8. Yes

Go ahead, your turn!

[amk578]

Sorry for the late response!
1. Yes
2. No, it's moderator bands. Chordae tendineae help to stabilize valves while these have branches that cause for more synchronized conduction.
3. Yes
4. It's a triangular structure in the right atrium, with it's boundaries being the coronary sinus orifice, tendon of Todaro, and septal leaflet of the right atrioventricular valve. The longest side is the Tendon of Todaro.
5. Yes
6. Close, that's actually just the last factor before fibrinogen is activated to fibrin. The correct answer is Factor IV, calcium ions
7. I guess that could be counted right, but in actuality the cardioacelerator and cardiodecelerator/inhibitor make up the cardiovascular center, the other one is the vasomotor center.
8. Yes

Go ahead, your turn!

Questions (Click to Show Hidden Text)

1. Name two effects of caffeine on the cardiovascular system.
2. What ABO blood type is considered the "universal recipient"?
3. What is the innermost layer of the heart and what type of epithelium does it consist of?
4. What is the function of sinusoidal capillaries?
5. What hormone helps in the maturation of T cells?
6. The right lymphatic duct receives lymph from what three lymph trunks?
7. What are the layers of the ureter from internal to external?
8. What nitrogenous waste is produced in the muscles?

[farmerjoe279]

Answers (Click to Show Hidden Text)

1. Increase heart rate, increase blood pressure?
2. AB
3. Endocardium, endothelium cells?
4. What is the function of sinusoidal capillaries?
5. Thymosin
6. Jugular, Subclavian, bronchomedsomething trunk (I forgot the last one :P)
7. Fibrous, Muscular, mucosa
8. Creatinine?

Which of the following is a primary lymphatic organ?
a) Spleen
b) Thymus
c) Lymph nodes

[amk578]

Answers (Click to Show Hidden Text)

1. Increase heart rate, increase blood pressure?
2. AB
3. Endocardium, endothelium cells?
4. What is the function of sinusoidal capillaries?
5. Thymosin
6. Jugular, Subclavian, bronchomedsomething trunk (I forgot the last one :P)
7. Fibrous, Muscular, mucosa
8. Creatinine?

1. Correct
2. Correct
3. Endocardium is correct, but I was looking for simple squamous epithelium for the second part.
4. Sinusoidal capillaries decrease blood flow rate to allow time for the many exchanges that occur across organ walls
5. Correct
6. Yeah, it's the bronchomediastinal trunk and the other two are right
7. You wrote it outer to inner, from inner to outer is mucosa, muscular, fibrous
8. Correct

Which of the following is a primary lymphatic organ?
a) Spleen
b) Thymus
c) Lymph nodes

Answer (Click to Show Hidden Text)

b) Thymus

[platypusomelette]

Answer (Click to Show Hidden Text)

b) Thymus

That looks right to me, I'll post questions I guess.

1. What differentiates Hodgkin's lymphoma from non-Hodgkin's lymphoma?
2. What two bacteria are most commonly responsible for lower UTI's?
3. Which of these cells are granulocytes? eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, B cells, neutrophils.
4. What happens during each of the 4 heart sounds?

[jxxu20]

Answer (Click to Show Hidden Text)

1. The main difference between Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is that Hodgkin's involves the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells whereas non-Hodgkin's does not.  Also, Hodgkin's is rarer and mainly affects the upper body while NH can affect almost any body part.

2. E. coli and Staphylococcus

3. Eosinophils, basophils, and neutrophils

4. Usually, the heart only produces two sounds (S1 and S2).  S1 results from the closure of AV valves while S2 results from the closure of SL valves.  The S3 sound occurs after S2 and is caused by a sudden deceleration of blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle.  The S4 sound occurs just before S1 and is a result of late diastolic filling of the ventricles.

[platypusomelette]

Answer (Click to Show Hidden Text)

1. The main difference between Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is that Hodgkin's involves the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells whereas non-Hodgkin's does not.  Also, Hodgkin's is rarer and mainly affects the upper body while NH can affect almost any body part.

2. E. coli and Staphylococcus

3. Eosinophils, basophils, and neutrophils

4. Usually, the heart only produces two sounds (S1 and S2).  S1 results from the closure of AV valves while S2 results from the closure of SL valves.  The S3 sound occurs after S2 and is caused by a sudden deceleration of blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle.  The S4 sound occurs just before S1 and is a result of late diastolic filling of the ventricles.

Nice job, your turn

[gillio]

Alrighty nobody's posted for a while so I'm gonna post.

Questions:
1. Which one needs to be treated immediately: atrial fibrillation or ventricular fibrillation? Explain why
2. Describe where Na is secreted or absorbed in the nephron.
3. What is the function of ANP(atrial natriuretic peptide) and VNP(ventricular natriuretic peptide)?

[amk578]

Alrighty nobody's posted for a while so I'm gonna post.

Questions:
1. Which one needs to be treated immediately: atrial fibrillation or ventricular fibrillation? Explain why
2. Describe where Na is secreted or absorbed in the nephron.
3. What is the function of ANP(atrial natriuretic peptide) and VNP(ventricular natriuretic peptide)?

Answer (Click to Show Hidden Text)

1.Ventricular fibrillation because VFib can lead to cardiac arrest and/or even sudden death. VFib causes the heart to not pump enough blood for the arteries to carry through the systemic circuit (leading to unsustainability)
2. About 75-80% of sodium is reabsorbed in the proximal tubule. Sodium is also reabsorbed in the distal tubule due to ADH. I'm pretty sure sodium isn't secreted.
3. ANP reduces Na permeability in response to a high blood pressure (as opposed to aldosterone enhancing permeability in response to low blood pressure). VNP also decreases sodium reabsorption in the distal tubule, and also inhibits RAAS

[gillio]

Alrighty nobody's posted for a while so I'm gonna post.

Questions:
1. Which one needs to be treated immediately: atrial fibrillation or ventricular fibrillation? Explain why
2. Describe where Na is secreted or absorbed in the nephron.
3. What is the function of ANP(atrial natriuretic peptide) and VNP(ventricular natriuretic peptide)?

Answer (Click to Show Hidden Text)

1.Ventricular fibrillation because VFib can lead to cardiac arrest and/or even sudden death. VFib causes the heart to not pump enough blood for the arteries to carry through the systemic circuit (leading to unsustainability)
2. About 75-80% of sodium is reabsorbed in the proximal tubule. Sodium is also reabsorbed in the distal tubule due to ADH. I'm pretty sure sodium isn't secreted.
3. ANP reduces Na permeability in response to a high blood pressure (as opposed to aldosterone enhancing permeability in response to low blood pressure). VNP also decreases sodium reabsorption in the distal tubule, and also inhibits RAAS

Yup, everything's good.
Quick note: sodium is reabsorbed in the ascending limb via active transport too. Your turn