Anatomy and Physiology B/C

[Andromeda215]

1. What is a diuretic? Name three types.
2. What is creatinine used to measure and what is its molecular formula?
3. What is Einthoven's triangle and where is it?

Answers (Click to Show Hidden Text)

1. Diuretics help increase the production of urine and aid in micturition. There are three types: loop acting, potassium sparing, and thiazide diuretics.
2. Creatinine tests the ability of the kidneys to function and helps in estimating the GFR. It's formula is C[sub]4[/sub]H[sub]7[/sub]N[sub]3[/sub]O
3. Einthoven's triangle is used in EKGs, it's the triangle formed by the left arm, right arm, and left leg

All correct! Your turn.

[amk578]

Questions (Click to Show Hidden Text)

1. The swelling in an arm or a leg caused by a lymphatic blockage is what disorder?
2. A cancer starting in the lymphatic system that heavily affects the upper body is what disorder?
3. What are the four types of kidney stones?
4. TRUE or FALSE: Erythropoietin is produced in the kidneys in hyperoxic conditions.
5. Name two sites of primary lymphoid tissue, two sites of secondary lymphoid tissue, and two sites of tertiary lymphoid tissue.

[gillio]

Questions (Click to Show Hidden Text)

1. The swelling in an arm or a leg caused by a lymphatic blockage is what disorder?
2. A cancer starting in the lymphatic system that heavily affects the upper body is what disorder?
3. What are the four types of kidney stones?
4. TRUE or FALSE: Erythropoietin is produced in the kidneys in hyperoxic conditions.
5. Name two sites of primary lymphoid tissue, two sites of secondary lymphoid tissue, and two sites of tertiary lymphoid tissue.

Answers (Click to Show Hidden Text)

1. Lymphedema
2. Hodgkin's lymphoma
3. Calcium, struvite, uric acid and cysteine
4. False, it's under hypoxic conditions
5. Primary: bone marrow and thymus, Seconday: Peyer's patches and CALT, Tertiary: uhhh lymph node-like structures in sites of chronic inflammation or transplant sites

[amk578]

Questions (Click to Show Hidden Text)

1. The swelling in an arm or a leg caused by a lymphatic blockage is what disorder?
2. A cancer starting in the lymphatic system that heavily affects the upper body is what disorder?
3. What are the four types of kidney stones?
4. TRUE or FALSE: Erythropoietin is produced in the kidneys in hyperoxic conditions.
5. Name two sites of primary lymphoid tissue, two sites of secondary lymphoid tissue, and two sites of tertiary lymphoid tissue.

Answers (Click to Show Hidden Text)

1. Lymphedema
2. Hodgkin's lymphoma
3. Calcium, struvite, uric acid and cysteine
4. False, it's under hypoxic conditions
5. Primary: bone marrow and thymus, Seconday: Peyer's patches and CALT, Tertiary: uhhh lymph node-like structures in sites of chronic inflammation or transplant sites

Yeah they all look good, I should have worded it better for 5.
Your turn

[donutsandcupcakes]

1. What is a diuretic? Name three types.
2. What is creatinine used to measure and what is its molecular formula?
3. What is Einthoven's triangle and where is it?

Are these the type of questions we are expected to answer in regionals?

[jxxu20]

Hey! From personal experience (I am in Division B), the level of difficulty in regionals depends based on the ES you have. Some tests are incredibly easy (the one I had this year had no written response nor diagram labeling!) while others may test you on complex concepts that requires a thorough understanding of the material. As for Andromeda215's questions, you should definitely know about Einthoven's triangle, which falls under ECGs, and creatinine. You should also know what a diuretic is, but I do not know if you need to know the specific types for a Division B regionals test. Again, there is room for fluctuation, but it would be in your best interest to study as much as possible!

And sometimes one should hope for a harder test! If you mess up on an easy exam, it is less likely that you will place as high because other teams probably also found the test easy (I placed 6th in regionals because I messed up on a few questions on an easy test). In other words, harder tests "filter" out the best from the rest and really show who knows the content. All in all, it won't hurt to know more, so study, study, and study!

[gillio]

Questions:
1. Nitric oxide is broken down very quickly after its release. Why?
2. The ______ (name of cells)within the kidney secrete erythropoietin.
3. What is antithrombin and what is its function?
4. Due to _______, our urine is yellow
a. Urobilin
b. Stercobilin
c. Urobilinogen
d. Bilirubin

[amk578]

Questions:
1. Nitric oxide is broken down very quickly after its release. Why?
2. The ______ (name of cells)within the kidney secrete erythropoietin.
3. What is antithrombin and what is its function?
4. Due to _______, our urine is yellow
a. Urobilin
b. Stercobilin
c. Urobilinogen
d. Bilirubin

Answers (Click to Show Hidden Text)

1. The release of nitric oxide leads to vasodilation
2. interstitial fibroblasts?
3. Antithrombin is a glycoprotein that's function is to inactivate several enzymes in the blood clotting process, which in turn leads to the blood clotting response ending.
4. a. Urobilin

[gillio]

Questions:
1. Nitric oxide is broken down very quickly after its release. Why?
2. The ______ (name of cells)within the kidney secrete erythropoietin.
3. What is antithrombin and what is its function?
4. Due to _______, our urine is yellow
a. Urobilin
b. Stercobilin
c. Urobilinogen
d. Bilirubin

Answers (Click to Show Hidden Text)

1. The release of nitric oxide leads to vasodilation
2. interstitial fibroblasts?
3. Antithrombin is a glycoprotein that's function is to inactivate several enzymes in the blood clotting process, which in turn leads to the blood clotting response ending.
4. a. Urobilin

For 1, nitric oxide is broken down very fast because it is a very strong vasodilator and its effect needs to be controlled almost immediately.
For 3, antithrombin is a plasma alpha globulin that inactivates thrombin by binding to it, preventing blood coagulation
2 and 4 are good. Your turn

[gillio]

Questions:
1. Nitric oxide is broken down very quickly after its release. Why?
2. The ______ (name of cells)within the kidney secrete erythropoietin.
3. What is antithrombin and what is its function?
4. Due to _______, our urine is yellow
a. Urobilin
b. Stercobilin
c. Urobilinogen
d. Bilirubin

Answers (Click to Show Hidden Text)

1. The release of nitric oxide leads to vasodilation
2. interstitial fibroblasts?
3. Antithrombin is a glycoprotein that's function is to inactivate several enzymes in the blood clotting process, which in turn leads to the blood clotting response ending.
4. a. Urobilin

Corrections (Click to Show Hidden Text)

For 1, nitric oxide is broken down very fast because it is a very strong vasodilator and its effect needs to be controlled almost immediately. 
For 3, antithrombin is a plasma alpha globulin that inactivates thrombin by binding to it, preventing blood coagulation
2 and 4 are good. Your turn