Microbe Mission B/C

[Nano1llus10n]

1. What specifically is this?
2. What is the purpose of having one?
3. What do the corresponding knobs do?

1. A mechanical stage
2. It allows movement forward/backwards and left/right rather than up/down
3. One knob allows movement left to right, and the other allows movement forwards and backwards

That's right, your turn

[NeilMehta]

1. What is the main difference between bacterial, plant, and fungal cell walls?
2. What organelles are exclusive to only one of the three?

[whythelongface]

1. What is the main difference between bacterial, plant, and fungal cell walls?
2. What organelles are exclusive to only one of the three?

Answer (Click to Show Hidden Text)

1. Composition. Bacterial cell walls are generally composed of peptidoglycan, plant cell walls are made of cellulose, and fungal walls of chitin.
2. Only plants have chloroplasts and plastids [citation needed]. Fungi have those weird spitzenkorper things that determine direction or something. And I suppose the glycocalyx and slime layers of bacteria are considered organelles exclusive to bacteria.

[NeilMehta]

1. What is the main difference between bacterial, plant, and fungal cell walls?
2. What organelles are exclusive to only one of the three?

Answer (Click to Show Hidden Text)

1. Composition. Bacterial cell walls are generally composed of peptidoglycan, plant cell walls are made of cellulose, and fungal walls of chitin.
2. Only plants have chloroplasts and plastids [citation needed]. Fungi have those weird spitzenkorper things that determine direction or something. And I suppose the glycocalyx and slime layers of bacteria are considered organelles exclusive to bacteria.

your turn!

[whythelongface]

1. Describe the action of lysozyme on a bacterial cell.
2. How do molecules access a gram-negative bacterial cell through the layers of the membrane?
3. What is LPS, and what role does it play in the body's immune response?
4. Explain the difference between an endo- and exotoxin.
5. Name two major components of gram-positive walls, excluding peptidoglycan.
6. What two molecules is peptidoglycan composed of?
7. Why do bacteria produce antibiotics?
8. Penicillins, cephalosporins, and chloramphenicols are beta-lactam antibiotics. Describe their action.
9. What does "wide spectrum" mean in the context of antibiotics?

[The48thYoshi]

1. Describe the action of lysozyme on a bacterial cell.
2. How do molecules access a gram-negative bacterial cell through the layers of the membrane?
3. What is LPS, and what role does it play in the body's immune response?
4. Explain the difference between an endo- and exotoxin.
5. Name two major components of gram-positive walls, excluding peptidoglycan.
6. What two molecules is peptidoglycan composed of?
7. Why do bacteria produce antibiotics?
8. Penicillins, cephalosporins, and chloramphenicols are beta-lactam antibiotics. Describe their action.
9. What does "wide spectrum" mean in the context of antibiotics?

Answer (Click to Show Hidden Text)

1. Lysozyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of a linkage between two components of peptidoglycan (NAM and NAG) 
2. This one I’m not too sure about. I think its through a self-promoted access pathway
3. LPS stands for Lipopolysaccharide. There is a polymer called the O antigen and is exposed in the very outer surface if the bacterial cell, and thus is a target for host antibody recognition.
4.  Exotoxins are toxic substances that are secreted and released outside of a bacterial cell. Endotoxins are consisted of lipids and are located within a bacterial cell. 
5. Techoic acids and proteins? Not sure about the proteins part.
6.  NAM and NAG. No clue what NAM was again. NAG is N-Acetylglucosamine.
7.  They give the bacteria a competitive advantage for food, water, and other limited resources by killing off the competitors.
8. They inhibit cell wall synthesis in bacterial cells.
9. It means that it can act upon a variety of diseases caused by a variety of bacteria successfully.

I had this typed out but forgot to submit it so I had to redo it :/. Hopefully it’s not all wrong

[whythelongface]

1. Describe the action of lysozyme on a bacterial cell.
2. How do molecules access a gram-negative bacterial cell through the layers of the membrane?
3. What is LPS, and what role does it play in the body's immune response?
4. Explain the difference between an endo- and exotoxin.
5. Name two major components of gram-positive walls, excluding peptidoglycan.
6. What two molecules is peptidoglycan composed of?
7. Why do bacteria produce antibiotics?
8. Penicillins, cephalosporins, and chloramphenicols are beta-lactam antibiotics. Describe their action.
9. What does "wide spectrum" mean in the context of antibiotics?

Answer (Click to Show Hidden Text)

1. Lysozyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of a linkage between two components of peptidoglycan (NAM and NAG) 
2. This one I’m not too sure about. I think its through a self-promoted access pathway
3. LPS stands for Lipopolysaccharide. There is a polymer called the O antigen and is exposed in the very outer surface if the bacterial cell, and thus is a target for host antibody recognition.
4.  Exotoxins are toxic substances that are secreted and released outside of a bacterial cell. Endotoxins are consisted of lipids and are located within a bacterial cell. 
5. Techoic acids and proteins? Not sure about the proteins part.
6.  NAM and NAG. No clue what NAM was again. NAG is N-Acetylglucosamine.
7.  They give the bacteria a competitive advantage for food, water, and other limited resources by killing off the competitors.
8. They inhibit cell wall synthesis in bacterial cells.
9. It means that it can act upon a variety of diseases caused by a variety of bacteria successfully.

I had this typed out but forgot to submit it so I had to redo it :/. Hopefully it’s not all wrong

Essentially all correct. For 2. I was just looking for porin channels.. I actually don't remember what I wanted for 5), but I think TA is acceptable. NAM stands for n-acetylmuramic acid. I'll find #5 in my notes somewhere. Your turn!

[The48thYoshi]

Explain the syntrophic model and provide 4 pieces of evidence to support it

[Pettywap]

Explain the syntrophic model and provide 4 pieces of evidence to support it

Syntrophic model- relationship between the archaea and bacteria created the nucleus-containing eukaryotic cell
1. originated when ancient archaea invaded and lived within bacteria eventually forming the early nucleus Not really sure about the other pieces of evidence or my answer in general :/

[whythelongface]

Explain the syntrophic model and provide 4 pieces of evidence to support it

Syntrophic model- relationship between the archaea and bacteria created the nucleus-containing eukaryotic cell
1. originated when ancient archaea invaded and lived within bacteria eventually forming the early nucleus Not really sure about the other pieces of evidence or my answer in general :/

Wasn't there some sort of bacterium where they discovered infolding in the membrane similar to a primitive ER or something?