Difference between revisions of "Rocks and Minerals/Identification List"
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(scoria (also I can't find the density of the whole thing, help?)) |
(adding pics bc i know how to now) |
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| − | | | + | | [[File:Malachite-Specimen-P1410455.jpg|thumb|left|Malachite]] |
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| − | | | + | | [[File:Diamond53495.jpg|thumb|left|Diamond]] |
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| − | | Arborescent, | + | | Arborescent, granular, platy |
|- | |- | ||
! Crystal System | ! Crystal System | ||
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| − | | Trace amounts are found almost | + | | Trace amounts are found almost anywhere; there are only a few large deposits |
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! Economic Importance | ! Economic Importance | ||
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! Classification | ! Classification | ||
Revision as of 19:45, 23 September 2018
 | This page is incomplete. |
This is a compilation of information for the event Rocks and Minerals. Please note that while this is a good starting resource, it should not be relied on. There are many more facts about Rocks and Minerals that are not included.
Rocks
Metamorphic
Gneiss (60)
| Picture | 
|
|---|---|
| Classification | Metamorphic |
| Composition | Light bands: Quartz, Feldspar, Muscovite, Dark bands: Hornblende, Biotite, Graphite, Garnet |
| Environment of Formation | High-grade metamorphism of Granite |
| Texture | Foliated |
| Economic Importance | Flooring, ornamental stones, gravestones, facing stones on buildings, work surfaces |
| Average Density | 2.6-2.9 |
Marble (61)
| Picture | 
|
|---|---|
| Classification | Metamorphic |
| Composition | Mainly metamorphosed limestone (CaCO3) |
| Environment of Formation | High-grade metamorphism of Limestone |
| Texture | Nonfoliated |
| Economic Importance | Ornamental rock, sculpture production, urban ornamentation |
| Average Density | 2.4-2.7 |
Phyllite (62)
| Picture | 
|
|---|---|
| Classification | Metamorphic |
| Composition | Quartz, Sericite Mica, Chlorite |
| Environment of Formation | Medium-grade metamorphism of Slate |
| Texture | Foliated |
| Economic Importance | Architecture, construction, commercial |
| Average Density | 2.7-2.8 |
Quartzite (63)
| Picture | 
|
|---|---|
| Classification | Metamorphic |
| Composition | Almost entirely Quartz |
| Environment of Formation | High-grade metamorphism of Sandstone |
| Texture | Nonfoliated |
| Economic Importance | Railway ballast, countertops, decorative stone |
| Average Density | 2.6-2.8 |
Garnet Schist (64)
| Picture | 
|
|---|---|
| Classification | Metamorphic |
| Composition | Muscovite, Biotite, Garnet, Quartz, Feldspar |
| Environment of Formation | Medium grade metamorphism of Shale, Mudstone, or Felsic Igneous rocks |
| Texture | Foliated |
| Economic Importance | Gem material host rock, construction material (rarely) |
| Average Density | 2.4-3.0 |
Mica Schist (65)
| Picture | 
|
|---|---|
| Classification | Metamorphic |
| Composition | Muscovite, Biotite, Garnet, Quartz, Feldspar |
| Environment of Formation | Medium grade metamorphism of Shale, Mudstone, or Felsic Igneous rocks |
| Texture | Foliated |
| Economic Importance | Gem material host rock, construction material (rarely) |
| Average Density | 2.4-3.0 |
Slate (66)
| Picture | 
|
|---|---|
| Classification | Metamorphic |
| Composition | Mainly Quartz and Muscovite |
| Environment of Formation | Low-grade metamorphism of Shale |
| Texture | Foliated |
| Economic Importance | roofing, flooring, flagging |
| Average Density | 2.7-2.8 |
Igneous
Andesite (67)
| Picture | 
|
|---|---|
| Classification | Igneous |
| Composition | Intermediate (Plagioclase Feldspar, Biotite, Pyroxene, Amphibole) |
| Environment of Formation | Extrusive, Volcanic |
| Texture | Aphanitic to Porphyritic |
| Economic Importance | Aggregate, construction |
| Average Density | 2.5-2.8 |
Basalt (68)
| Picture | 
|
|---|---|
| Classification | Igneous |
| Composition | Mafic (Plagioclase and Pyroxene minerals) |
| Environment of Formation | Extrusive, Volcanic |
| Texture | Aphanitic |
| Economic Importance | Aggregate, pavement, ballast |
| Average Density | 2.8-3.0 |
Diorite (69)
| Picture | 
|
|---|---|
| Classification | Igneous |
| Composition | Intermediate (Plagioclase Feldspar, Biotite, Pyroxene, Amphibole) |
| Environment of Formation | Intrusive, Plutonic |
| Texture | Phaneritic |
| Economic Importance | Construction stone, sculpture stone, architectural stone |
| Average Density | 2.8-3.0 |
Gabbro (70)
| Picture | |
|---|---|
| Classification | Igneous |
| Composition | Mafic (Pyroxene, Plagioclase, minor amounts of Amphibole and Olivine) |
| Environment of Formation | Intrusive, Plutonic |
| Texture | Phaneritic |
| Economic Importance | Ornamental stone, countertops, graveyard headstones |
| Average Density | 2.7-3.3 |
Granite (71)
| Picture | 
|
|---|---|
| Classification | Igneous |
| Composition | Felsic (Quartz, Alkali Feldspar, Plagioclase Feldspar) |
| Environment of Formation | Intrusive, Plutonic |
| Texture | Phaneritic |
| Economic Importance | Buildings, bridges, paving, monuments, countertops, ornamental stone |
| Average Density | 2.6-2.7 |
Obsidian (72)
| Picture | 
|
|---|---|
| Classification | Igneous |
| Composition | Felsic (Mostly Silica) |
| Environment of Formation | Extrusive |
| Texture | Glassy |
| Economic Importance | Weapons and tools (Stone Age) |
| Average Density | 2.3-2.6 |
Pegmatite (73)
| Picture | 
|
|---|---|
| Classification | Igneous |
| Composition | Felsic (Granite) |
| Environment of Formation | Intrusive, Plutonic |
| Texture | Phaneritic |
| Economic Importance | Host rock for rare minerals |
| Average Density | 2.6-2.8 |
Pumice (74)
| Picture | 
|
|---|---|
| Classification | Igneous |
| Composition | Felsic (Rhyolite) |
| Environment of Formation | Extrusive, Volcanic |
| Texture | Vesicular |
| Economic Importance | Aggregate, abrasive |
| Average Density | 0.2-0.3 |
Rhyolite (75)
| Picture | 
|
|---|---|
| Classification | Igneous |
| Composition | Felsic (Quartz, Sanidine, Plagioclase) |
| Environment of Formation | Extrusive, Volcanic |
| Texture | Aphanitic |
| Economic Importance | Cements |
| Average Density | 2.4-2.6 |
Scoria (76)
| Picture | 
|
|---|---|
| Classification | Igneous |
| Composition | Mafic (Basalt) |
| Environment of Formation | Extrusive, Volcanic |
| Texture | Vesicular |
| Economic Importance | Landscaping, drainage, barbecue grills |
| Average Density | Greater than 1 |
Sedimentary
Arkose (78)
| Picture | |
|---|---|
| Classification | |
| Composition | |
| Environment of Formation | |
| Texture | |
| Economic Importance | |
| Average Density |
Breccia (80)
| Picture | |
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| Average Density |
Chert (81)
| Picture | |
|---|---|
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| Environment of Formation | |
| Texture | |
| Economic Importance | |
| Average Density |
Conglomerate (82)
| Picture | |
|---|---|
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| Texture | |
| Economic Importance | |
| Average Density |
Diatomite (83)
| Picture | |
|---|---|
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| Environment of Formation | |
| Texture | |
| Economic Importance | |
| Average Density |
Dolostone (85)
| Picture | |
|---|---|
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| Environment of Formation | |
| Texture | |
| Economic Importance | |
| Average Density |
Sandstone (92)
| Picture | |
|---|---|
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| Environment of Formation | |
| Texture | |
| Economic Importance | |
| Average Density |
Shale (95)
| Picture | |
|---|---|
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| Environment of Formation | |
| Texture | |
| Economic Importance | |
| Average Density |
Coal Varieties
Anthracite (77)
| Picture | |
|---|---|
| Classification | |
| Composition | |
| Environment of Formation | |
| Texture | |
| Economic Importance | |
| Average Density |
Bituminous (79)
| Picture | |
|---|---|
| Classification | |
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| Environment of Formation | |
| Texture | |
| Economic Importance | |
| Average Density |
Lignite (86)
| Picture | |
|---|---|
| Classification | |
| Composition | |
| Environment of Formation | |
| Texture | |
| Economic Importance | |
| Average Density |
Limestone Varieties
Chalk (87)
| Picture | |
|---|---|
| Classification | |
| Composition | |
| Environment of Formation | |
| Texture | |
| Economic Importance | |
| Average Density |
Coquina (83)
| Picture | |
|---|---|
| Classification | |
| Composition | |
| Environment of Formation | |
| Texture | |
| Economic Importance | |
| Average Density |
Fossiliferous (89)
| Picture | |
|---|---|
| Classification | |
| Composition | |
| Environment of Formation | |
| Texture | |
| Economic Importance | |
| Average Density |
Oolitic (90)
| Picture | |
|---|---|
| Classification | |
| Composition | |
| Environment of Formation | |
| Texture | |
| Economic Importance | |
| Average Density |
Travertine (91)
| Picture | |
|---|---|
| Classification | |
| Composition | |
| Environment of Formation | |
| Texture | |
| Economic Importance | |
| Average Density |
Minerals
Borates
Ulexite (59)
| Picture | |
|---|---|
| Classification | Borate |
| Chemical Composition | NaCa[B5O6(OH)6] · 5H2O |
| Hardness | 2.5 |
| Streak | White |
| Luster | Vitreous, silky |
| Cleavage | Prismatic, basal |
| Fracture | Splintery |
| Density | 1.955 g/cm3 |
| Mineral Habit | Articular, capillary, fibrous |
| Crystal System | Triclinic, pinacoidal |
| Environment of Formation | Borax evaporite deposits in dry lakes of arid regions |
| Economic Importance | The boron in it is mainly used for fiberglass |
Carbonates
Aragonite (5)
| Picture | File:Aragonite33394-1.jpg Aragonite |
|---|---|
| Classification | Carbonate |
| Chemical Composition | CaCo3 |
| Hardness | 3.5-4 |
| Streak | White |
| Luster | Vitreous |
| Cleavage | Prismatic, indiscernible |
| Fracture | Subconchoidal |
| Density | 2.947 g/cm3 |
| Mineral Habit | Columnar, fibrous, pseudohexagonal |
| Crystal System | Orthorhombic |
| Environment of Formation | Sedimentary formations and evaporite deposits, hot spring deposits, hydrothermal ore veins, igneous environments, and metamorphic schists. |
| Economic Importance | Used as specimens |
Azurite (7)
| Picture | |
|---|---|
| Classification | Carbonate |
| Chemical Composition | Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
| Hardness | 3.5-4 |
| Streak | Light blue |
| Luster | Vitreous |
| Cleavage | Perfect, fair |
| Fracture | Conchoidal or splintery |
| Density | 3.77 g/cm3 |
| Mineral Habit | Prismatic, stalactitic, tabular |
| Crystal System | Monoclinic |
| Environment of Formation | Reaction from carbon-dioxide laden waters descending into the earth and reacting with subsurface copper ores |
| Economic Importance | Jewelry, pigment, an indicator for subsurface copper ores |
Calcite (13)
| Picture | File:Calcite-mineral-250x250.jpg Calcite |
|---|---|
| Classification | Carbonate |
| Chemical Composition | CaCO3 |
| Hardness | 3 |
| Streak | White |
| Luster | Vitreous |
| Cleavage | Rhombohedral |
| Fracture | Conchoidal |
| Density | 2.7102 g/cm³ |
| Mineral Habit | Crystalline, massive, stalactitic |
| Crystal System | Trigonal |
| Environment of Formation | Forms in all rock types |
| Economic Importance | Used in acid neutralization, as a low-hardness abrasive, soil conditioner, heated for the production of limestone and marble, and in monuments and calcium carbonate sorbents. |
Dolomite (19)
| Picture | File:Dolomite-crystals-91.jpg Dolomite |
|---|---|
| Classification | Carbonate |
| Chemical Composition | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| Hardness | 3.5-4 |
| Streak | White |
| Luster | Vitreous, pearly |
| Cleavage | Rhombohedral |
| Fracture | Subconchoidal |
| Density | 2.84 - 2.86 g/cm3 |
| Mineral Habit | Blocky, crystalline, massive |
| Crystal System | Hexagonal |
| Environment of Formation | In sedimentary rock; occasionally in high-temperature metamorphic rocks and low-temperature hydrothermal veins. |
| Economic Importance | Used in road construction, as an acid neutralizer, a source of magnesia (MgO), a feed additive for livestock, as an ingredient in the production of glass, bricks, and ceramics. |
Malachite (36)
| Picture | File:Malachite-Specimen-P1410455.jpg Malachite |
|---|---|
| Classification | Carbonates |
| Chemical Composition | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| Hardness | 3.5-4 |
| Streak | Light green |
| Luster | Vitreous, silky, dull |
| Cleavage | Basal |
| Fracture | Irregular, uneven, subconchoidal |
| Density | 3.6 - 4.05 g/cm3 |
| Mineral Habit | Botryoidal, massive, stalactitic |
| Crystal System | Monoclinic |
| Environment of Formation | In the oxidation zone of copper deposits |
| Economic Importance | Pigment gemstone, minor copper ore |
Native Elements
Copper (16)
| Picture | File:1200px-NatCopper.jpg Copper |
|---|---|
| Classification | Native Element |
| Chemical Composition | Cu |
| Hardness | 2.5-3 |
| Streak | Shiny copper-red |
| Luster | Metallic |
| Cleavage | None |
| Fracture | Hackly |
| Density | 8.94 - 8.95 g/cm3 |
| Mineral Habit | Arborescent, nodular |
| Crystal System | Isometric |
| Environment of Formation | Most common in volcanic basalt rocks |
| Economic Importance | Copper alloys, electricity, U.S. pennies |
Diamond (18)
| Picture | File:Diamond53495.jpg Diamond |
|---|---|
| Classification | Native Element |
| Chemical Composition | C |
| Hardness | 10 |
| Streak | Colorless |
| Luster | Adamantine |
| Cleavage | Octahedral |
| Fracture | Conchoidal |
| Density | 3.5 - 3.53 g/cm3 |
| Mineral Habit | Euhedral, granular |
| Crystal System | Isometric |
| Environment of Formation | Formed with very high temperature and pressure in the mantle |
| Economic Importance | Used in abrasives, small parts of mechanical devices, diamond windows (thin diamond membranes), jewelry |
Gold (25)
| Picture | |
|---|---|
| Classification | Native Element |
| Chemical Composition | Au |
| Hardness | 2.5-3 |
| Streak | Shiny yellow |
| Luster | Metallic |
| Cleavage | None |
| Fracture | Hackly |
| Density | 15 - 19.3 g/cm³ |
| Mineral Habit | Arborescent, granular, platy |
| Crystal System | Isometric |
| Environment of Formation | Trace amounts are found almost anywhere; there are only a few large deposits |
| Economic Importance | Mostly jewelry, then coinage and a multitude of other uses, such as electronics, medicine, dentistry, computers, awards, pigments, gilding, and optics. |
Graphite (26)
| Picture | File:Graphite d3d4ddda50 b.jpg Graphite |
|---|---|
| Classification | Native Element |
| Chemical Composition | C |
| Hardness | 1-2 |
| Streak | Metallic |
| Luster | Black |
| Cleavage | Basal |
| Fracture | Conchoidal or sectile |
| Density | 2.09 - 2.23 g/cm3 |
| Mineral Habit | Earthy, foliated, tabular |
| Crystal System | Hexagonal |
| Environment of Formation | High temperature and pressure in the upper mantle, also in metamorphic and igneous rocks |
| Economic Importance | A wide range of uses in metallurgy and manufacturing, also commonly used in pencils |
Silver (50)
| Picture | |
|---|---|
| Classification | Native Element |
| Chemical Composition | Ag |
| Hardness | 2.5-3 |
| Streak | Silver-white |
| Luster | Metallic |
| Cleavage | None |
| Fracture | Hackly |
| Density | 10.1 - 11.1 g/cm3 |
| Mineral Habit | Arborescent, dendritic, massive |
| Crystal System | Isometric |
| Environment of Formation | In volcanic basalt rocks and in hydrothermal veins and mesothermal veins. |
| Economic Importance | Used in jewelry, tableware, coins, electronics, photographic films, ornaments. |
Sulfur (54)
| Picture | File:Sulfur47701a.JPG Sulfur |
|---|---|
| Classification | Native Element |
| Chemical Composition | S |
| Hardness | 1.5-2.5 |
| Streak | White |
| Luster | Resinous |
| Cleavage | Imperfect |
| Fracture | Irregular, uneven, conchoidal |
| Density | 2.07 g/cm³ |
| Mineral Habit | Massive, reniform, stalactitic |
| Crystal System | Orthorhombic |
| Environment of Formation | In sedimentary environments in evaporite and salt dome deposits, in volcanic deposits in hot springs and fumaroles, and in igneous basalt rocks of recent volcanic activity. |
| Economic Importance | Mainly used to create sulfuric acid, also used for hydrogen sulfide, insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, pharmaceuticals, soaps, textiles, papers, processed rubber, gunpowder, leather, paint, dyes, food preservatives. |
Halides
Fluorite (22)
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| Classification | |
| Chemical Composition | |
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| Mineral Habit | |
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| Environment of Formation | |
| Economic Importance |
Halite (30)
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| Economic Importance |
Oxides/Hydroxides
Bauxite (8)
| Picture | |
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| Economic Importance |
Corundum (17
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| Economic Importance |
Goethite/Limonite (21)
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| Mineral Habit | |
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| Economic Importance |
Hematite (31)
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| Mineral Habit | |
| Crystal System | |
| Environment of Formation | |
| Economic Importance |
Magnetite (45)
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| Density | |
| Mineral Habit | |
| Crystal System | |
| Environment of Formation | |
| Economic Importance |
Phosphates
Apatite (4)
| Picture | |
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| Density | |
| Mineral Habit | |
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| Environment of Formation | |
| Economic Importance |
Sulfates
Barite (9)
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| Mineral Habit | |
| Crystal System | |
| Environment of Formation | |
| Economic Importance |
Celestite (14)
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| Environment of Formation | |
| Economic Importance |
Gypsum Varieties
Alabaster (27)
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| Density | |
| Mineral Habit | |
| Crystal System | |
| Environment of Formation | |
| Economic Importance |
Satin Spar (28)
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| Mineral Habit | |
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| Environment of Formation | |
| Economic Importance |
Selenite (29)
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| Environment of Formation | |
| Economic Importance |
Sulfides
Bornite (12)
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| Fracture | |
| Density | |
| Mineral Habit | |
| Crystal System | |
| Environment of Formation | |
| Economic Importance |
Chalcopyrite (15)
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| Mineral Habit | |
| Crystal System | |
| Environment of Formation | |
| Economic Importance |
Galena (23)
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| Environment of Formation | |
| Economic Importance |
Pyrite (40)
| Picture | |
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| Economic Importance |
Sphalerite (52)
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|---|---|
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| Economic Importance |
Silicates
Beryl (10)
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| Economic Importance |
Epidote (20)
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| Economic Importance |
Kaolinite (33)
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|---|---|
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| Economic Importance |
Olivine (38)
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| Economic Importance |
Sodalite (51)
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| Economic Importance |
Staurolite (53)
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| Economic Importance |
Talc (55)
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| Economic Importance |
Topaz (56)
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| Economic Importance |
Tourmaline Group (57)
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| Economic Importance |
Amphibole Group
Hornblende (32)
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| Economic Importance |
Tremolite (58)
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| Economic Importance |
Feldspar - Plagioclase
Albite (1)
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| Economic Importance |
Feldspar - Potassium
Amazonite/Microcline (3)
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| Economic Importance |
Orthoclase/Microcline (21)
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| Economic Importance |
Garnet Group
Almandine (2)
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| Economic Importance |
Mica Group
Biotite (11)
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| Economic Importance |
Lepidolite (34)
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| Crystal System | |
| Environment of Formation | |
| Economic Importance |
Muscovite (37)
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| Environment of Formation | |
| Economic Importance |
Pyroxene Group
Augite (6)
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| Environment of Formation | |
| Economic Importance |
Rhodonite (49)
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| Environment of Formation | |
| Economic Importance |
Quartz Varieties
Agate/Onyx (41)
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| Environment of Formation | |
| Economic Importance |
Amethyst (42)
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|---|---|
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| Environment of Formation | |
| Economic Importance |
Chalcedony (43)
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|---|---|
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| Environment of Formation | |
| Economic Importance |
Citrine (44)
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| Environment of Formation | |
| Economic Importance |
Crystal (45)
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| Environment of Formation | |
| Economic Importance |
Jasper (46)
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| Mineral Habit | |
| Crystal System | |
| Environment of Formation | |
| Economic Importance |
Milky Quartz (47)
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|---|---|
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| Mineral Habit | |
| Crystal System | |
| Environment of Formation | |
| Economic Importance |
Opal (38)
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|---|---|
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| Mineral Habit | |
| Crystal System | |
| Environment of Formation | |
| Economic Importance |
Rose Quartz (48)
| Picture | |
|---|---|
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| Environment of Formation | |
| Economic Importance |
National List
Actinolite
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| Environment of Formation | |
| Economic Importance |
Kyanite
| Picture | |
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| Environment of Formation | |
| Economic Importance |
Labradorite
| Picture | |
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| Environment of Formation | |
| Economic Importance |
Pyrolusite
| Picture | |
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| Environment of Formation | |
| Economic Importance |
Rhodochrosite
| Picture | |
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| Environment of Formation | |
| Economic Importance |
Rutile
| Picture | |
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| Environment of Formation | |
| Economic Importance |
Spodumene
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| Environment of Formation | |
| Economic Importance |
Stilbite
| Picture | |
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| Environment of Formation | |
| Economic Importance |
Turquoise
| Picture | |
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| Environment of Formation | |
| Economic Importance |
Zircon
| Picture | |
|---|---|
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| Environment of Formation | |
| Economic Importance |