Difference between revisions of "Rocks and Minerals/Identification List"
(pegmatite) |
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{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
! Picture | ! Picture | ||
− | | | + | | [[File:Pegmatite.jpg]] |
|- | |- | ||
! Classification | ! Classification | ||
− | | | + | | Igneous |
|- | |- | ||
! Composition | ! Composition | ||
− | | | + | | Felsic (Granite) |
|- | |- | ||
! Environment of Formation | ! Environment of Formation | ||
− | | | + | | Intrusive, Plutonic |
|- | |- | ||
! Texture | ! Texture | ||
− | | | + | | Phaneritic |
|- | |- | ||
! Economic Importance | ! Economic Importance | ||
− | | | + | | Host rock for rare minerals |
|- | |- | ||
! Average Density | ! Average Density | ||
− | | | + | | 2.6-2.8 |
|} | |} | ||
Revision as of 19:26, 23 September 2018
This page is incomplete. |
This is a compilation of information for the event Rocks and Minerals. Please note that while this is a good starting resource, it should not be relied on. There are many more facts about Rocks and Minerals that are not included.
Rocks
Metamorphic
Gneiss (60)
Marble (61)
Phyllite (62)
Quartzite (63)
Garnet Schist (64)
Mica Schist (65)
Slate (66)
Igneous
Andesite (67)
Basalt (68)
Diorite (69)
Gabbro (70)
Picture | |
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Classification | Igneous |
Composition | Mafic (Pyroxene, Plagioclase, minor amounts of Amphibole and Olivine) |
Environment of Formation | Intrusive, Plutonic |
Texture | Phaneritic |
Economic Importance | Ornamental stone, countertops, graveyard headstones |
Average Density | 2.7-3.3 |
Granite (71)
Obsidian (72)
Picture | |
---|---|
Classification | Igneous |
Composition | Felsic (Mostly Silica) |
Environment of Formation | Extrusive |
Texture | Glassy |
Economic Importance | Weapons and tools (Stone Age) |
Average Density | 2.3-2.6 |
Pegmatite (73)
Picture | |
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Classification | Igneous |
Composition | Felsic (Granite) |
Environment of Formation | Intrusive, Plutonic |
Texture | Phaneritic |
Economic Importance | Host rock for rare minerals |
Average Density | 2.6-2.8 |
Pumice (74)
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Classification | |
Composition | |
Environment of Formation | |
Texture | |
Economic Importance | |
Average Density |
Rhyolite (75)
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Classification | |
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Environment of Formation | |
Texture | |
Economic Importance | |
Average Density |
Scoria (76)
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Environment of Formation | |
Texture | |
Economic Importance | |
Average Density |
Sedimentary
Arkose (78)
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Classification | |
Composition | |
Environment of Formation | |
Texture | |
Economic Importance | |
Average Density |
Breccia (80)
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Classification | |
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Environment of Formation | |
Texture | |
Economic Importance | |
Average Density |
Chert (81)
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Classification | |
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Environment of Formation | |
Texture | |
Economic Importance | |
Average Density |
Conglomerate (82)
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Classification | |
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Environment of Formation | |
Texture | |
Economic Importance | |
Average Density |
Diatomite (83)
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Classification | |
Composition | |
Environment of Formation | |
Texture | |
Economic Importance | |
Average Density |
Dolostone (85)
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Classification | |
Composition | |
Environment of Formation | |
Texture | |
Economic Importance | |
Average Density |
Sandstone (92)
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Classification | |
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Environment of Formation | |
Texture | |
Economic Importance | |
Average Density |
Shale (95)
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Classification | |
Composition | |
Environment of Formation | |
Texture | |
Economic Importance | |
Average Density |
Coal Varieties
Anthracite (77)
Picture | |
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Classification | |
Composition | |
Environment of Formation | |
Texture | |
Economic Importance | |
Average Density |
Bituminous (79)
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Environment of Formation | |
Texture | |
Economic Importance | |
Average Density |
Lignite (86)
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Classification | |
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Environment of Formation | |
Texture | |
Economic Importance | |
Average Density |
Limestone Varieties
Chalk (87)
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Classification | |
Composition | |
Environment of Formation | |
Texture | |
Economic Importance | |
Average Density |
Coquina (83)
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Environment of Formation | |
Texture | |
Economic Importance | |
Average Density |
Fossiliferous (89)
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Environment of Formation | |
Texture | |
Economic Importance | |
Average Density |
Oolitic (90)
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Classification | |
Composition | |
Environment of Formation | |
Texture | |
Economic Importance | |
Average Density |
Travertine (91)
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Classification | |
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Environment of Formation | |
Texture | |
Economic Importance | |
Average Density |
Minerals
Borates
Ulexite (59)
Picture | |
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Classification | Borate |
Chemical Composition | NaCa[B5O6(OH)6] · 5H2O |
Hardness | 2.5 |
Streak | White |
Luster | Vitreous, silky |
Cleavage | Prismatic, basal |
Fracture | Splintery |
Density | 1.955 g/cm3 |
Mineral Habit | Articular, capillary, fibrous |
Crystal System | Triclinic, pinacoidal |
Environment of Formation | Borax evaporite deposits in dry lakes of arid regions |
Economic Importance | The boron in it is mainly used for fiberglass |
Carbonates
Aragonite (5)
Picture | |
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Classification | Carbonate |
Chemical Composition | CaCo3 |
Hardness | 3.5-4 |
Streak | White |
Luster | Vitreous |
Cleavage | Prismatic, indiscernible |
Fracture | Subconchoidal |
Density | 2.947 g/cm3 |
Mineral Habit | Columnar, fibrous, pseudohexagonal |
Crystal System | Orthorhombic |
Environment of Formation | Sedimentary formations and evaporite deposits, hot spring deposits, hydrothermal ore veins, igneous environments, and metamorphic schists. |
Economic Importance | Used as specimens |
Azurite (7)
Picture | |
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Classification | Carbonate |
Chemical Composition | Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
Hardness | 3.5-4 |
Streak | Light blue |
Luster | Vitreous |
Cleavage | Perfect, fair |
Fracture | Conchoidal or splintery |
Density | 3.77 g/cm3 |
Mineral Habit | Prismatic, stalactitic, tabular |
Crystal System | Monoclinic |
Environment of Formation | Reaction from carbon-dioxide laden waters descending into the earth and reacting with subsurface copper ores |
Economic Importance | Jewelry, pigment, an indicator for subsurface copper ores |
Calcite (13)
Picture | |
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Classification | Carbonate |
Chemical Composition | CaCO3 |
Hardness | 3 |
Streak | White |
Luster | Vitreous |
Cleavage | Rhombohedral |
Fracture | Conchoidal |
Density | 2.7102 g/cm³ |
Mineral Habit | Crystalline, massive, stalactitic |
Crystal System | Trigonal |
Environment of Formation | Forms in all rock types |
Economic Importance | Used in acid neutralization, as a low-hardness abrasive, soil conditioner, heated for the production of limestone and marble, and in monuments and calcium carbonate sorbents. |
Dolomite (19)
Picture | |
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Classification | Carbonate |
Chemical Composition | CaMg(CO3)2 |
Hardness | 3.5-4 |
Streak | White |
Luster | Vitreous, pearly |
Cleavage | Rhombohedral |
Fracture | Subconchoidal |
Density | 2.84 - 2.86 g/cm3 |
Mineral Habit | Blocky, crystalline, massive |
Crystal System | Hexagonal |
Environment of Formation | In sedimentary rock; occasionally in high-temperature metamorphic rocks and low-temperature hydrothermal veins. |
Economic Importance | Used in road construction, as an acid neutralizer, a source of magnesia (MgO), a feed additive for livestock, as an ingredient in the production of glass, bricks, and ceramics. |
Malachite (36)
Picture | |
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Classification | Carbonates |
Chemical Composition | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
Hardness | 3.5-4 |
Streak | Light green |
Luster | Vitreous, silky, dull |
Cleavage | Basal |
Fracture | Irregular, uneven, subconchoidal |
Density | 3.6 - 4.05 g/cm3 |
Mineral Habit | Botryoidal, massive, stalactitic |
Crystal System | Monoclinic |
Environment of Formation | In the oxidation zone of copper deposits |
Economic Importance | Pigment gemstone, minor copper ore |
Native Elements
Copper (16)
Picture | |
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Classification | Native Element |
Chemical Composition | Cu |
Hardness | 2.5-3 |
Streak | Shiny copper-red |
Luster | Metallic |
Cleavage | None |
Fracture | Hackly |
Density | 8.94 - 8.95 g/cm3 |
Mineral Habit | Arborescent, nodular |
Crystal System | Isometric |
Environment of Formation | Most common in volcanic basalt rocks |
Economic Importance | Copper alloys, electricity, U.S. pennies |
Diamond (18)
Picture | |
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Classification | Native Element |
Chemical Composition | C |
Hardness | 10 |
Streak | Colorless |
Luster | Adamantine |
Cleavage | Octahedral |
Fracture | Conchoidal |
Density | 3.5 - 3.53 g/cm3 |
Mineral Habit | Euhedral, granular |
Crystal System | Isometric |
Environment of Formation | Formed with very high temperature and pressure in the mantle |
Economic Importance | Used in abrasives, small parts of mechanical devices, diamond windows (thin diamond membranes), jewelry |
Gold (25)
Picture | |
---|---|
Classification | Native Element |
Chemical Composition | Au |
Hardness | 2.5-3 |
Streak | Shiny yellow |
Luster | Metallic |
Cleavage | None |
Fracture | Hackly |
Density | 15 - 19.3 g/cm³ |
Mineral Habit | Arborescent, genular, platy |
Crystal System | Isometric |
Environment of Formation | Trace amounts are found almost anywehre; there are only a few large deposits |
Economic Importance | Mostly jewelry, then coinage and a multitude of other uses, such as electronics, medicine, dentistry, computers, awards, pigments, gilding, and optics. |
Graphite (26)
Picture | |
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Classification | Native Element |
Chemical Composition | C |
Hardness | 1-2 |
Streak | Metallic |
Luster | Black |
Cleavage | Basal |
Fracture | Conchoidal or sectile |
Density | 2.09 - 2.23 g/cm3 |
Mineral Habit | Earthy, foliated, tabular |
Crystal System | Hexagonal |
Environment of Formation | High temperature and pressure in the upper mantle, also in metamorphic and igneous rocks |
Economic Importance | A wide range of uses in metallurgy and manufacturing, also commonly used in pencils |
Silver (50)
Picture | |
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Classification | Native Element |
Chemical Composition | Ag |
Hardness | 2.5-3 |
Streak | Silver-white |
Luster | Metallic |
Cleavage | None |
Fracture | Hackly |
Density | 10.1 - 11.1 g/cm3 |
Mineral Habit | Arborescent, dendritic, massive |
Crystal System | Isometric |
Environment of Formation | In volcanic basalt rocks and in hydrothermal veins and mesothermal veins. |
Economic Importance | Used in jewelry, tableware, coins, electronics, photographic films, ornaments. |
Sulfur (54)
Picture | |
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Classification | Native Element |
Chemical Composition | S |
Hardness | 1.5-2.5 |
Streak | White |
Luster | Resinous |
Cleavage | Imperfect |
Fracture | Irregular, uneven, conchoidal |
Density | 2.07 g/cm³ |
Mineral Habit | Massive, reniform, stalactitic |
Crystal System | Orthorhombic |
Environment of Formation | In sedimentary environments in evaporite and salt dome deposits, in volcanic deposits in hot springs and fumaroles, and in igneous basalt rocks of recent volcanic activity. |
Economic Importance | Mainly used to create sulfuric acid, also used for hydrogen sulfide, insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, pharmaceuticals, soaps, textiles, papers, processed rubber, gunpowder, leather, paint, dyes, food preservatives. |
Halides
Fluorite (22)
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Halite (30)
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Oxides/Hydroxides
Bauxite (8)
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Corundum (17
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Goethite/Limonite (21)
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Hematite (31)
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Magnetite (45)
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Phosphates
Apatite (4)
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Sulfates
Barite (9)
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Celestite (14)
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Gypsum Varieties
Alabaster (27)
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Satin Spar (28)
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Selenite (29)
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Sulfides
Bornite (12)
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Chalcopyrite (15)
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Galena (23)
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Pyrite (40)
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Sphalerite (52)
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Silicates
Beryl (10)
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Epidote (20)
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Kaolinite (33)
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Olivine (38)
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Sodalite (51)
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Staurolite (53)
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Talc (55)
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Topaz (56)
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Tourmaline Group (57)
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Amphibole Group
Hornblende (32)
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Tremolite (58)
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Feldspar - Plagioclase
Albite (1)
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Feldspar - Potassium
Amazonite/Microcline (3)
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Orthoclase/Microcline (21)
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Garnet Group
Almandine (2)
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Mica Group
Biotite (11)
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Lepidolite (34)
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Muscovite (37)
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Pyroxene Group
Augite (6)
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Rhodonite (49)
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Quartz Varieties
Agate/Onyx (41)
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Amethyst (42)
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Chalcedony (43)
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Citrine (44)
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Hardness | |
Streak | |
Luster | |
Cleavage | |
Fracture | |
Density | |
Mineral Habit | |
Crystal System | |
Environment of Formation | |
Economic Importance |
Crystal (45)
Picture | |
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Classification | |
Chemical Composition | |
Hardness | |
Streak | |
Luster | |
Cleavage | |
Fracture | |
Density | |
Mineral Habit | |
Crystal System | |
Environment of Formation | |
Economic Importance |
Jasper (46)
Picture | |
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Classification | |
Chemical Composition | |
Hardness | |
Streak | |
Luster | |
Cleavage | |
Fracture | |
Density | |
Mineral Habit | |
Crystal System | |
Environment of Formation | |
Economic Importance |
Milky Quartz (47)
Picture | |
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Classification | |
Chemical Composition | |
Hardness | |
Streak | |
Luster | |
Cleavage | |
Fracture | |
Density | |
Mineral Habit | |
Crystal System | |
Environment of Formation | |
Economic Importance |
Opal (38)
Picture | |
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Classification | |
Chemical Composition | |
Hardness | |
Streak | |
Luster | |
Cleavage | |
Fracture | |
Density | |
Mineral Habit | |
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Environment of Formation | |
Economic Importance |
Rose Quartz (48)
Picture | |
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Classification | |
Chemical Composition | |
Hardness | |
Streak | |
Luster | |
Cleavage | |
Fracture | |
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Environment of Formation | |
Economic Importance |
National List
Actinolite
Picture | |
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Classification | |
Chemical Composition | |
Hardness | |
Streak | |
Luster | |
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Environment of Formation | |
Economic Importance |
Kyanite
Picture | |
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Classification | |
Chemical Composition | |
Hardness | |
Streak | |
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Economic Importance |
Labradorite
Picture | |
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Hardness | |
Streak | |
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Environment of Formation | |
Economic Importance |
Pyrolusite
Picture | |
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Classification | |
Chemical Composition | |
Hardness | |
Streak | |
Luster | |
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Environment of Formation | |
Economic Importance |
Rhodochrosite
Picture | |
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Classification | |
Chemical Composition | |
Hardness | |
Streak | |
Luster | |
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Fracture | |
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Environment of Formation | |
Economic Importance |
Rutile
Picture | |
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Classification | |
Chemical Composition | |
Hardness | |
Streak | |
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Environment of Formation | |
Economic Importance |
Spodumene
Picture | |
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Classification | |
Chemical Composition | |
Hardness | |
Streak | |
Luster | |
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Environment of Formation | |
Economic Importance |
Stilbite
Picture | |
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Chemical Composition | |
Hardness | |
Streak | |
Luster | |
Cleavage | |
Fracture | |
Density | |
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Environment of Formation | |
Economic Importance |
Turquoise
Picture | |
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Classification | |
Chemical Composition | |
Hardness | |
Streak | |
Luster | |
Cleavage | |
Fracture | |
Density | |
Mineral Habit | |
Crystal System | |
Environment of Formation | |
Economic Importance |
Zircon
Picture | |
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Classification | |
Chemical Composition | |
Hardness | |
Streak | |
Luster | |
Cleavage | |
Fracture | |
Density | |
Mineral Habit | |
Crystal System | |
Environment of Formation | |
Economic Importance |