Difference between revisions of "User:Jaspattack/Sandbox"

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=Kingdom Protozoa (Protists)=
 
=Kingdom Protozoa (Protists)=
Protists are essentially organisms that do not fit into any other categories. They are eukaryotic organisms, however they are not animals, plants or fungi. Only one phylum under Kingdom Protozoa is on the 2019 fossil list - Foraminifera.
+
Protists are essentially organisms that do not fit into any other categories. They are eukaryotic organisms, however they are not animals, plants or fungi. Only one phylum under Kingdom Protozoa is on the 2020 fossil list - Foraminifera.
 
==Phylum Foraminifera==
 
==Phylum Foraminifera==
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
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=Kingdom Animalia (Animals)=
 
=Kingdom Animalia (Animals)=
 
The vast majority of fossils competitors will need to know for the event are invertebrates. This makes sense for two reasons- invertebrates are the most common fossils throughout North America, and they are inexpensive and cheap to use as samples during the event. They may seem boring at first, but they are just as important as anything else.
 
The vast majority of fossils competitors will need to know for the event are invertebrates. This makes sense for two reasons- invertebrates are the most common fossils throughout North America, and they are inexpensive and cheap to use as samples during the event. They may seem boring at first, but they are just as important as anything else.
==Phylum Porifera==
+
==Sponges (Phylum Porifera)==
 
{| class="wikitable" style="width:60%"
 
{| class="wikitable" style="width:60%"
 
   ! Picture(s)
 
   ! Picture(s)
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   |  
 
   |  
 
|}
 
|}
==Phylum Bryozoa==
+
==Bryozoans (Phylum Bryozoa)==
 
{| class="wikitable" style="width:60%"
 
{| class="wikitable" style="width:60%"
 
   ! Picture(s)
 
   ! Picture(s)
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   |  
 
   |  
 
|}
 
|}
==Phylum Hemichordata==
+
==Graptolites (Phylum Hemichordata)==
 
{| class="wikitable" style="width:60%"
 
{| class="wikitable" style="width:60%"
 
   ! Picture(s)
 
   ! Picture(s)
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   |  
 
   |  
 
|}
 
|}
===Class Graptolithina===
+
===Order Dendroidea===
 
{| class="wikitable" style="width:60%"
 
{| class="wikitable" style="width:60%"
 
   ! Picture(s)
 
   ! Picture(s)
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|-
 
|-
 
   ! Fossil Range
 
   ! Fossil Range
   |  
+
   | Example
 +
|-
 +
  ! Taxonomy
 +
  | Example
 +
|-
 +
  ! Distinctive Features
 +
  | Example
 +
|-
 +
  ! Typical Modes of Life/Habitat
 +
  | Example
 +
|-
 +
  ! Adaptations Over Time
 +
  | Example
 +
|-
 +
  ! Common Names/Nicknames
 +
  | Example
 +
|-
 +
  ! Additional Information
 +
  | Example
 +
|}
 +
===Order Graptoloidea===
 +
{| class="wikitable" style="width:60%"
 +
  ! Picture(s)
 +
  | [[]]
 +
|-
 +
  ! Fossil Range
 +
  | Example
 
|-
 
|-
 
   ! Taxonomy  
 
   ! Taxonomy  
   |  
+
   | Example
 
|-
 
|-
 
   ! Distinctive Features
 
   ! Distinctive Features
   |  
+
   | Example
 
|-
 
|-
 
   ! Typical Modes of Life/Habitat
 
   ! Typical Modes of Life/Habitat
   |  
+
   | Example
 
|-
 
|-
 
   ! Adaptations Over Time
 
   ! Adaptations Over Time
   |
+
   | Example
 
|-
 
|-
 
   ! Common Names/Nicknames
 
   ! Common Names/Nicknames
   | Graptolites
+
   | Example
 
|-
 
|-
 
   ! Additional Information
 
   ! Additional Information
   |  
+
   | Example
 
|}
 
|}
==Phylum Cnidaria==
+
==Corals (Phylum Cnidaria)==
 
{| class="wikitable" style="width:60%"
 
{| class="wikitable" style="width:60%"
 
   ! Picture(s)
 
   ! Picture(s)
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   |  
 
   |  
 
|}
 
|}
===Class Anthozoa===
+
===Order Tabulata===
 
{| class="wikitable" style="width:60%"
 
{| class="wikitable" style="width:60%"
 
   ! Picture(s)
 
   ! Picture(s)
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|-
 
|-
 
   ! Fossil Range
 
   ! Fossil Range
   |  
+
   | Example
 
|-
 
|-
 
   ! Taxonomy  
 
   ! Taxonomy  
   |  
+
   | Example
 
|-
 
|-
 
   ! Distinctive Features
 
   ! Distinctive Features
   |  
+
   | Example
 
|-
 
|-
 
   ! Typical Modes of Life/Habitat
 
   ! Typical Modes of Life/Habitat
   |  
+
   | Example
 
|-
 
|-
 
   ! Adaptations Over Time
 
   ! Adaptations Over Time
   |
+
   | Example
 
|-
 
|-
 
   ! Common Names/Nicknames
 
   ! Common Names/Nicknames
   | Horn & Colonial Corals
+
   | Example
 
|-
 
|-
 
   ! Additional Information
 
   ! Additional Information
   |  
+
   | Example
 
|}
 
|}
 
{| class="wikitable" style="width:60%"
 
{| class="wikitable" style="width:60%"
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   ! Additional Information
 
   ! Additional Information
 
   |  
 
   |  
 +
|}
 +
===Order Rugosa===
 +
{| class="wikitable" style="width:60%"
 +
  ! Picture(s)
 +
  | [[]]
 +
|-
 +
  ! Fossil Range
 +
  | Example
 +
|-
 +
  ! Taxonomy
 +
  | Example
 +
|-
 +
  ! Distinctive Features
 +
  | Example
 +
|-
 +
  ! Typical Modes of Life/Habitat
 +
  | Example
 +
|-
 +
  ! Adaptations Over Time
 +
  | Example
 +
|-
 +
  ! Common Names/Nicknames
 +
  | Example
 +
|-
 +
  ! Additional Information
 +
  | Example
 
|}
 
|}
 
{| class="wikitable" style="width:60%"
 
{| class="wikitable" style="width:60%"
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   ! Additional Information
 
   ! Additional Information
 
   |  
 
   |  
 +
|}
 +
===Order Scleratinia===
 +
{| class="wikitable" style="width:60%"
 +
  ! Picture(s)
 +
  | [[]]
 +
|-
 +
  ! Fossil Range
 +
  | Example
 +
|-
 +
  ! Taxonomy
 +
  | Example
 +
|-
 +
  ! Distinctive Features
 +
  | Example
 +
|-
 +
  ! Typical Modes of Life/Habitat
 +
  | Example
 +
|-
 +
  ! Adaptations Over Time
 +
  | Example
 +
|-
 +
  ! Common Names/Nicknames
 +
  | Example
 +
|-
 +
  ! Additional Information
 +
  | Example
 
|}
 
|}
 
{| class="wikitable" style="width:60%"
 
{| class="wikitable" style="width:60%"
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|}
 
|}
 
==Phylum Arthropoda==
 
==Phylum Arthropoda==
 +
{| class="wikitable" style="width:60%"
 +
  ! Picture(s)
 +
  | [[]]
 +
|-
 +
  ! Fossil Range
 +
  | Example
 +
|-
 +
  ! Distinctive Features
 +
  | Example
 +
|-
 +
  ! Typical Modes of Life/Habitat
 +
  | Example
 +
|-
 +
  ! Adaptations Over Time
 +
  | Example
 +
|-
 +
  ! Common Names/Nicknames
 +
  | Example
 +
|-
 +
  ! Additional Information
 +
  | Example
 +
|}
 +
{| class="wikitable" style="width:60%"
 +
|+ Subphylum Crustacea
 +
  ! Picture(s)
 +
  | [[]]
 +
|-
 +
  ! Fossil Range
 +
  | Example
 +
|-
 +
  ! Distinctive Features
 +
  | Example
 +
|-
 +
  ! Typical Modes of Life/Habitat
 +
  | Example
 +
|-
 +
  ! Adaptations Over Time
 +
  | Example
 +
|-
 +
  ! Common Names/Nicknames
 +
  | Example
 +
|-
 +
  ! Additional Information
 +
  | Example
 +
|}
 +
{| class="wikitable" style="width:60%"
 +
|+ Subphylum Chelicerata
 +
  ! Picture(s)
 +
  | [[]]
 +
|-
 +
  ! Fossil Range
 +
  | Example
 +
|-
 +
  ! Distinctive Features
 +
  | Example
 +
|-
 +
  ! Typical Modes of Life/Habitat
 +
  | Example
 +
|-
 +
  ! Adaptations Over Time
 +
  | Example
 +
|-
 +
  ! Common Names/Nicknames
 +
  | Example
 +
|-
 +
  ! Additional Information
 +
  | Example
 +
|}
 +
===Class Insecta===
 +
{| class="wikitable" style="width:60%"
 +
  ! Picture(s)
 +
  | [[]]
 +
|-
 +
  ! Fossil Range
 +
  | Example
 +
|-
 +
  ! Taxonomy
 +
  | Example
 +
|-
 +
  ! Distinctive Features
 +
  | Example
 +
|-
 +
  ! Typical Modes of Life/Habitat
 +
  | Example
 +
|-
 +
  ! Adaptations Over Time
 +
  | Example
 +
|-
 +
  ! Common Names/Nicknames
 +
  | Example
 +
|-
 +
  ! Additional Information
 +
  | Example
 +
|}
 +
===Class Trilobita===
 +
{| class="wikitable" style="width:60%"
 +
  ! Picture(s)
 +
  | [[]]
 +
|-
 +
  ! Fossil Range
 +
  | Example
 +
|-
 +
  ! Taxonomy
 +
  | Example
 +
|-
 +
  ! Distinctive Features
 +
  | Example
 +
|-
 +
  ! Typical Modes of Life/Habitat
 +
  | Example
 +
|-
 +
  ! Adaptations Over Time
 +
  | Example
 +
|-
 +
  ! Common Names/Nicknames
 +
  | Example
 +
|-
 +
  ! Additional Information
 +
  | Example
 +
|}
 +
{| class="wikitable" style="width:60%"
 +
|+ Genus Cryptolithus
 +
  ! Picture(s)
 +
  | [[]]
 +
|-
 +
  ! Fossil Range
 +
  | Example
 +
|-
 +
  ! Taxonomy
 +
  | Example
 +
|-
 +
  ! Mode of Life or Habitat
 +
  | Example
 +
|-
 +
  ! Diet
 +
  | Example
 +
|-
 +
  ! Common Names
 +
  | Example
 +
|-
 +
  ! Typical Features
 +
  | Example
 +
|-
 +
  ! Additional Information
 +
  | Example
 +
|}
 +
{| class="wikitable" style="width:60%"
 +
|+ Genus Calymene
 +
  ! Picture(s)
 +
  | [[]]
 +
|-
 +
  ! Fossil Range
 +
  | Example
 +
|-
 +
  ! Taxonomy
 +
  | Example
 +
|-
 +
  ! Mode of Life or Habitat
 +
  | Example
 +
|-
 +
  ! Diet
 +
  | Example
 +
|-
 +
  ! Common Names
 +
  | Example
 +
|-
 +
  ! Typical Features
 +
  | Example
 +
|-
 +
  ! Additional Information
 +
  | Example
 +
|}
 +
{| class="wikitable" style="width:60%"
 +
|+ Genus Elrathia
 +
  ! Picture(s)
 +
  | [[]]
 +
|-
 +
  ! Fossil Range
 +
  | Example
 +
|-
 +
  ! Taxonomy
 +
  | Example
 +
|-
 +
  ! Mode of Life or Habitat
 +
  | Example
 +
|-
 +
  ! Diet
 +
  | Example
 +
|-
 +
  ! Common Names
 +
  | Example
 +
|-
 +
  ! Typical Features
 +
  | Example
 +
|-
 +
  ! Additional Information
 +
  | Example
 +
|}
 +
{| class="wikitable" style="width:60%"
 +
|+ Genus Isotelus
 +
  ! Picture(s)
 +
  | [[]]
 +
|-
 +
  ! Fossil Range
 +
  | Example
 +
|-
 +
  ! Taxonomy
 +
  | Example
 +
|-
 +
  ! Mode of Life or Habitat
 +
  | Example
 +
|-
 +
  ! Diet
 +
  | Example
 +
|-
 +
  ! Common Names
 +
  | Example
 +
|-
 +
  ! Typical Features
 +
  | Example
 +
|-
 +
  ! Additional Information
 +
  | Example
 +
|}
 +
{| class="wikitable" style="width:60%"
 +
|+ Genus Eldredgeops
 +
  ! Picture(s)
 +
  | [[]]
 +
|-
 +
  ! Fossil Range
 +
  | Example
 +
|-
 +
  ! Taxonomy
 +
  | Example
 +
|-
 +
  ! Mode of Life or Habitat
 +
  | Example
 +
|-
 +
  ! Diet
 +
  | Example
 +
|-
 +
  ! Common Names
 +
  | Example
 +
|-
 +
  ! Typical Features
 +
  | Example
 +
|-
 +
  ! Additional Information
 +
  | Example
 +
|}
 +
==Brachiopods (Phylum Brachiopoda)==

Revision as of 16:05, 5 September 2019

1991-1995 Events

taken from soinc event history - compare w/ national tournament results and add to Comprehensive Event Listing

1995

Aerodynamics - B Amphibians & Reptiles - B Amphibians & Reptiles - C Bio-Process Lab - B Cell Biology - C Chemistry Lab - C Circuit Lab - C Designer Genes - C Earth Science Processes - B Earth Science Processes - C Egg Drop - B Experimental Design - C Experimental Design - B It's About Time - C Metric Mastery - B Mission Possible - C Mousetrap Vehicle - C Nature Quest - C Nature Quest - B Out of This World - B Pentathlon - B Periodic Table Quiz - C Physics Lab - C Process Skills for Life Science - B Qualitative Analysis - C Road Scholar - B Rocks and Minerals - B Rocks and Minerals - C Science Crime Busters - B Science of Fitness - C Simple Machines - B Thermodynamics - B Towers - C Towers - B Trajectory - B Water Quality - C Water Quality - B What Are You Try To Tell Me - B What Are You Try To Tell Me - C Write It Do It - C Write It Do It - B

1994

Aerodynamics - B Amphibians & Reptiles - B Amphibians & Reptiles - C Balancing Equations - C Bio-Process Lab - B Bridge Building - C Cell Biology - C Chemistry Lab - C Circuit Lab - C Designer Genes - C Earth Science Processes - B Earth Science Processes - C Egg Drop - B It's About Time - C Metric Mastery - B Mission Possible - C Mousetrap Vehicle - C Name That Organism - C Name That Organism - B Nature Quest - C Nature Quest - B Pentathlon - B Physics Lab - C Picture This - B Process Skills for Life Science - B Qualitative Analysis - C Road Scholar - B Rocks and Minerals - B Rocks and Minerals - C Science Crime Busters - B Simple Machines - B Thermodynamics - B Trajectory - B Water Quality - C Water Quality - B Weather or Not - B What Are You Try To Tell Me - B What Are You Try To Tell Me - C Write It Do It - C Write It Do It - B

1993

Aerodynamics - B Balancing Equations - C Bio-Process Lab - B Bridge Building - C Cell Biology - C Chemistry Lab - C Circuit Lab - C Computer Programming - C Designer Genes - C Egg Drop - B Get Your Bearing - B Get Your Bearing - C It's About Time - C Measurement - B Measurement - C Metric Estimation - C Metric Estimation - B Mousetrap Vehicle - C Name That Organism - C Name That Organism - B Pentathlon - B Physics Lab - C Picture This - B Qualitative Analysis - C Road Rally - B Road Rally - C Rocks and Minerals - B Rocks and Minerals - C Science Crime Busters - B Simple Machines - B Sounds of Music - C Thermodynamics - B Trajectory - B Weather or Not - B Write It Do It - B Write It Do It - C

1992

Aerodynamics - B Balancing Equations - C Bio-Process Lab - B Bridge Building - C Cell Biology - C Chemistry Lab - C Circuit Lab - C Computer Programming - C Designer Genes - C Don’t Bug Me - B Don’t Bug Me - C Egg Drop - B Get Your Bearing - B Get Your Bearing - C It's About Time - C Measurement - C Measurement - B Metric Estimation - C Metric Estimation - B Mousetrap Vehicle - C Pentathlon - B Physics Lab - C Picture This - B Qualitative Analysis - C Road Rally - B Road Rally - C Rocks and Minerals - B Rocks and Minerals - C Science Bowl - C Science Bowl - B Science Crime Busters - B Simple Machines - B Sounds of Music - C Thermodynamics - B Trajectory - B Weather or Not - B Write It Do It - C Write It Do It - B

1991

Aerodynamics - B Balancing Equations - C Bridge Building - C Chemistry Lab - C Circuit Lab - C Computer Programming - B Computer Programming - C Designer Genes - C Don’t Bug Me - C Don’t Bug Me - B Egg Drop - B Get Your Bearing - B Get Your Bearing - C Heat Transfer - B Measurement - C Measurement - B Metric Estimation - C Metric Estimation - B Mousetrap Vehicle - C Pentathlon - B Physics Lab - C Picture This - B Qualitative Analysis - C Road Rally - C Road Rally - B Rocks and Minerals - B Rocks and Minerals - C Science Bowl - B Science Bowl - C Science Crime Busters - B Sounds of Music - C Tic Toc - C Trajectory - B Water Quality - C Water Quality - B Weather or Not - B Write It Do It - C Write It Do It - B

Fossils

notes:

  • compare with rocks + minerals list - link page for rocks on list? (rocks needs updates too but that can wait until this is done)
  • look at other identification lists + make more consistent
    • maybe make template like herp/ornithology

Genera/Species

Name of Genera
Picture(s) [[]]
Fossil Range Example
Taxonomy Example
Mode of Life or Habitat Example
Diet Example
Common Names Example
Typical Features Example
Additional Information Example

Orders/Classes

Picture(s) [[]]
Fossil Range Example
Taxonomy Example
Distinctive Features Example
Typical Modes of Life/Habitat Example
Adaptations Over Time Example
Common Names/Nicknames Example
Additional Information Example

Phyla

Picture(s) [[]]
Fossil Range Example
Distinctive Features Example
Typical Modes of Life/Habitat Example
Adaptations Over Time Example
Common Names/Nicknames Example
Additional Information Example


Kingdom Protozoa (Protists)

Protists are essentially organisms that do not fit into any other categories. They are eukaryotic organisms, however they are not animals, plants or fungi. Only one phylum under Kingdom Protozoa is on the 2020 fossil list - Foraminifera.

Phylum Foraminifera

Picture(s) An illustration of various forams
Fossil Range Cambrian to Recent
Distinctive Features All forams possess a test, a shell secreted while the animal was alive. The shell is commonly made of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) or aggregated particles of sediment.
Typical Modes of Life/Habitat All are marine, living on or inside sediment (benthic). However, some are planktonic and float in the water column.
Adaptations Over Time While fossilized forams are typically very small (less than 20 cm), larger forams with complex shell structures have been found over time.
Common Names/Nicknames Forams
Additional Information The phylum Foraminifera, or as they are usually called, forams, are extremely basic fossils. They are single celled organisms, the oldest of which date back to the Cambrian. They became much more common when coral reefs expanded, and would die off without them. Forams are also useful indicators of past environments and can be good index fossils. The petroleum industry will typically analyze the foram content of the ground they want to drill in to determine whether or not to drill there. In the phylum Foraminifera, competitors must know the order Fusulinida and the genus Nummulites. In some circles, Foraminifera is considered a class or a sub-phylum to the phylum Retaria.

Order Fusulinida

Picture(s) A diagram of fusulinid morphology
Fossil Range Upper Pennsylvanian to Upper Permian
Taxonomy Domain: Eukaryota
Phylum: Retaria
Subphylum: Foraminifera
Distinctive Features As the test grows, it twists into a spiral around the single cell and forms chambers. They look similar to grains of wheat, and many of them are found together.
Typical Modes of Life/Habitat Most were planktonic, living in clear marine water far from shore.
Adaptations Over Time Early fusulinids were smaller and more spherical, and overtime they evolved to be longer and narrower.
Common Names/Nicknames Fusulinids
Additional Information Fusulinids have also been considered a genus instead of an order in some classifications. They are some of the most complex forams. Fusulinids were omnivorous, eating via reticulopodia (cell extensions), which projected through pores in the test to catch small creatures. The shell is secreted by the protoplasm of the cell. Fusulinids went extinct with the Permian-Triassic extinction event.
Genus Nummulites
Picture(s) Nummulites.jpg
Fossil Range Middle Cretaceous to Recent
Taxonomy Phylum: Retaria
Subphylum: Foraminifera
Order: Rotaliida
Mode of Life or Habitat
Diet
Common Names
Typical Features
Additional Information

Kingdom Animalia (Animals)

The vast majority of fossils competitors will need to know for the event are invertebrates. This makes sense for two reasons- invertebrates are the most common fossils throughout North America, and they are inexpensive and cheap to use as samples during the event. They may seem boring at first, but they are just as important as anything else.

Sponges (Phylum Porifera)

Picture(s) [[]]
Fossil Range
Distinctive Features
Typical Modes of Life/Habitat
Adaptations Over Time
Common Names/Nicknames Sponges
Additional Information
Genus Astraeospongia
Picture(s) [[]]
Fossil Range
Taxonomy
Mode of Life or Habitat
Diet
Common Names Calcareous Sponge
Typical Features
Additional Information
Genus Hydnoceras
Picture(s) [[]]
Fossil Range
Taxonomy
Mode of Life or Habitat
Diet
Common Names Glass Sponge
Typical Features
Additional Information

Bryozoans (Phylum Bryozoa)

Picture(s) [[]]
Fossil Range
Distinctive Features
Typical Modes of Life/Habitat
Adaptations Over Time
Common Names/Nicknames
Additional Information
Genus Archimedes
Picture(s) [[]]
Fossil Range
Taxonomy
Mode of Life or Habitat
Diet
Common Names
Typical Features
Additional Information
Genus Rhombopora
Picture(s) [[]]
Fossil Range
Taxonomy
Mode of Life or Habitat
Diet
Common Names
Typical Features
Additional Information

Graptolites (Phylum Hemichordata)

Picture(s) [[]]
Fossil Range
Distinctive Features
Typical Modes of Life/Habitat
Adaptations Over Time
Common Names/Nicknames
Additional Information

Order Dendroidea

Picture(s) [[]]
Fossil Range Example
Taxonomy Example
Distinctive Features Example
Typical Modes of Life/Habitat Example
Adaptations Over Time Example
Common Names/Nicknames Example
Additional Information Example

Order Graptoloidea

Picture(s) [[]]
Fossil Range Example
Taxonomy Example
Distinctive Features Example
Typical Modes of Life/Habitat Example
Adaptations Over Time Example
Common Names/Nicknames Example
Additional Information Example

Corals (Phylum Cnidaria)

Picture(s) [[]]
Fossil Range
Distinctive Features
Typical Modes of Life/Habitat
Adaptations Over Time
Common Names/Nicknames
Additional Information

Order Tabulata

Picture(s) [[]]
Fossil Range Example
Taxonomy Example
Distinctive Features Example
Typical Modes of Life/Habitat Example
Adaptations Over Time Example
Common Names/Nicknames Example
Additional Information Example
Genus Favosites
Picture(s) [[]]
Fossil Range
Taxonomy
Mode of Life or Habitat
Diet
Common Names
Typical Features
Additional Information
Genus Halysites
Picture(s) [[]]
Fossil Range
Taxonomy
Mode of Life or Habitat
Diet
Common Names
Typical Features
Additional Information

Order Rugosa

Picture(s) [[]]
Fossil Range Example
Taxonomy Example
Distinctive Features Example
Typical Modes of Life/Habitat Example
Adaptations Over Time Example
Common Names/Nicknames Example
Additional Information Example
Genus Heliophyllum
Picture(s) [[]]
Fossil Range
Taxonomy
Mode of Life or Habitat
Diet
Common Names
Typical Features
Additional Information
Genus Hexagonaria
Picture(s) [[]]
Fossil Range
Taxonomy
Mode of Life or Habitat
Diet
Common Names
Typical Features
Additional Information

Order Scleratinia

Picture(s) [[]]
Fossil Range Example
Taxonomy Example
Distinctive Features Example
Typical Modes of Life/Habitat Example
Adaptations Over Time Example
Common Names/Nicknames Example
Additional Information Example
Genus Septastraea
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Phylum Arthropoda

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Subphylum Crustacea
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Subphylum Chelicerata
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Class Insecta

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Class Trilobita

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Genus Cryptolithus
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Genus Calymene
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Genus Elrathia
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Genus Isotelus
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Genus Eldredgeops
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Brachiopods (Phylum Brachiopoda)