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| Invitationals | | Division B | |
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| Division C | |
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Fossils
- compare with rocks + minerals list - link page for rocks on list?
- maybe make template like herp/ornithology *this is the best course of action*
- this entire page probably needs to get redone because i didn't think about that
Template
(found at User:Jaspattack/Sandbox/Fossils)
User:Jaspattack/Sandbox/Fossils
Kingdom Protozoa (Protists)
Protists are essentially organisms that do not fit into any other categories. They are eukaryotic organisms, however they are not animals, plants or fungi. Only one phylum under Kingdom Protozoa is on the 2020 fossil list - Foraminifera.
Phylum Foraminifera
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| Fossil Range
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Cambrian to Recent
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| Distinctive Features
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All forams possess a test, a shell secreted while the animal was alive. The shell is commonly made of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) or aggregated particles of sediment.
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All are marine, living on or inside sediment (benthic). However, some are planktonic and float in the water column.
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While fossilized forams are typically very small (less than 20 cm), larger forams with complex shell structures have been found over time.
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Forams
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| Additional Information
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The phylum Foraminifera, or as they are usually called, forams, are extremely basic fossils. They are single celled organisms, the oldest of which date back to the Cambrian. They became much more common when coral reefs expanded, and would die off without them. Forams are also useful indicators of past environments and can be good index fossils. The petroleum industry will typically analyze the foram content of the ground they want to drill in to determine whether or not to drill there. In the phylum Foraminifera, competitors must know the order Fusulinida and the genus Nummulites. In some circles, Foraminifera is considered a class or a sub-phylum to the phylum Retaria.
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Order Fusulinida
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Upper Pennsylvanian to Upper Permian
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| Taxonomy
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Domain: Eukaryota
Phylum: Retaria
Subphylum: Foraminifera
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| Distinctive Features
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As the test grows, it twists into a spiral around the single cell and forms chambers. They look similar to grains of wheat, and many of them are found together.
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| Typical Modes of Life/Habitat
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Most were planktonic, living in clear marine water far from shore.
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Early fusulinids were smaller and more spherical, and overtime they evolved to be longer and narrower.
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Fusulinids
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| Additional Information
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Fusulinids have also been considered a genus instead of an order in some classifications. They are some of the most complex forams. Fusulinids were omnivorous, eating via reticulopodia (cell extensions), which projected through pores in the test to catch small creatures. The shell is secreted by the protoplasm of the cell. Fusulinids went extinct with the Permian-Triassic extinction event.
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Genus Nummulites
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Middle Cretaceous to Recent
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Phylum: Retaria
Subphylum: Foraminifera
Order: Rotaliida
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Kingdom Animalia (Animals)
Sponges (Phylum Porifera)
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Sponges
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Genus Astraeospongia
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Calcareous Sponge
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Genus Hydnoceras
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Glass Sponge
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Bryozoans (Phylum Bryozoa)
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Genus Archimedes
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Genus Rhombopora
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Graptolites (Phylum Hemichordata)
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Order Dendroidea
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Order Graptoloidea
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Corals (Phylum Cnidaria)
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Order Tabulata
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Genus Favosites
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Genus Halysites
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Order Rugosa
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Genus Heliophyllum
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Genus Hexagonaria
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Order Scleratinia
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Genus Septastraea
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Phylum Arthropoda
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Subphylum Crustacea
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Subphylum Chelicerata
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Class Insecta
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Class Trilobita
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Genus Cryptolithus
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Genus Calymene
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Genus Elrathia
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Genus Isotelus
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Genus Eldredgeops
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Brachiopods (Phylum Brachiopoda)
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Class Inarticulata
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Genus Lingulata
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Class Articulata
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Genus Atrypa
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Genus Composita
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Genus Juresania
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Genus Leptaena
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Genus Mucrospirifer
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Genus Platystrophia
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Genus Rafinesquina
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Order Rhynchonellida
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Mollusks (Phylum Mollusca)
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Class Bivalvia
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Genus Exogyra
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Genus Gryphaea
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Genus Pecten
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Genus Glycymeris
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Genus Astarte
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Genus Nucula
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Class Cephalopoda
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Order Goniatitida
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Order Ceratitida
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Order Ammonitida
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Ammonites
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Genus Baculites
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Genus Dactylioceras
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Order Belemnitida
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Belemnites
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Genus Belemnitella
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Example
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| Additional Information
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Example
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Order Nautilida
| Picture(s)
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[[]]
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| Fossil Range
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Example
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| Taxonomy
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Example
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| Distinctive Features
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Example
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| Typical Modes of Life/Habitat
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Example
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| Adaptations Over Time
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Example
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| Common Names/Nicknames
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Chambered Nautilus
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| Additional Information
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Example
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Order Orthocerida
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[[]]
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Example
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| Taxonomy
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Example
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| Distinctive Features
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Example
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| Typical Modes of Life/Habitat
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Example
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| Adaptations Over Time
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Example
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| Common Names/Nicknames
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Orthoceras
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| Additional Information
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Example
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Class Gastropoda
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[[]]
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Example
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| Taxonomy
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Example
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| Distinctive Features
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Example
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| Typical Modes of Life/Habitat
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Example
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| Adaptations Over Time
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Example
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| Common Names/Nicknames
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Snails
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| Additional Information
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Example
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Genus Conus
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[[]]
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Example
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Example
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| Mode of Life or Habitat
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Example
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| Diet
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Example
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| Common Names
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Example
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| Typical Features
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Example
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| Additional Information
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Example
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Genus Cypraea
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[[]]
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Example
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Example
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| Mode of Life or Habitat
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Example
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| Diet
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Example
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| Common Names
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Example
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| Typical Features
|
Example
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| Additional Information
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Example
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Genus Platyceras
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[[]]
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Example
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Example
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| Mode of Life or Habitat
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Example
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| Diet
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Example
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| Common Names
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Example
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| Typical Features
|
Example
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| Additional Information
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Example
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Genus Turritella
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[[]]
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Example
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Example
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| Mode of Life or Habitat
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Example
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| Diet
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Example
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| Common Names
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Example
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| Typical Features
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Example
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| Additional Information
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Example
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Genus Worthenia
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[[]]
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Example
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| Taxonomy
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Example
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| Mode of Life or Habitat
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Example
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| Diet
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Example
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| Common Names
|
Example
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| Typical Features
|
Example
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| Additional Information
|
Example
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Echinoderms (Phylum Echinodermata)
| Picture(s)
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[[]]
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| Fossil Range
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Example
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| Distinctive Features
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Example
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| Typical Modes of Life/Habitat
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Example
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| Adaptations Over Time
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Example
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| Common Names/Nicknames
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Example
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| Additional Information
|
Example
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Class Asteroidea
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[[]]
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Example
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| Taxonomy
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Example
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| Distinctive Features
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Example
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| Typical Modes of Life/Habitat
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Example
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| Adaptations Over Time
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Example
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| Common Names/Nicknames
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Starfish
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| Additional Information
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Example
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Class Blastoidea
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[[]]
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Example
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| Taxonomy
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Example
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| Distinctive Features
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Example
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| Typical Modes of Life/Habitat
|
Example
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| Adaptations Over Time
|
Example
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| Common Names/Nicknames
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Example
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| Additional Information
|
Example
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Genus Pentremites
| Picture(s)
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[[]]
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Example
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Example
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| Mode of Life or Habitat
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Example
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| Diet
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Example
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| Common Names
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Example
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| Typical Features
|
Example
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| Additional Information
|
Example
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Class Crinoidea
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[[]]
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Example
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| Taxonomy
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Example
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| Distinctive Features
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Example
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| Typical Modes of Life/Habitat
|
Example
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| Adaptations Over Time
|
Example
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| Common Names/Nicknames
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Example
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| Additional Information
|
Example
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Class Echinoidea
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[[]]
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Example
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| Taxonomy
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Example
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| Distinctive Features
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Example
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| Typical Modes of Life/Habitat
|
Example
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| Adaptations Over Time
|
Example
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| Common Names/Nicknames
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Example
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| Additional Information
|
Example
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Class Ophiuroidea
| Picture(s)
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[[]]
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Example
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| Taxonomy
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Example
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| Distinctive Features
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Example
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| Typical Modes of Life/Habitat
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Example
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| Adaptations Over Time
|
Example
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| Common Names/Nicknames
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Example
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| Additional Information
|
Example
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Vertebrates (Phylum Chordata)
| Picture(s)
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[[]]
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Example
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| Distinctive Features
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Example
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| Typical Modes of Life/Habitat
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Example
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| Adaptations Over Time
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Example
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| Common Names/Nicknames
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Example
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| Additional Information
|
Example
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Superclass Agnatha
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[[]]
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Example
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| Taxonomy
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Example
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| Distinctive Features
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Example
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| Typical Modes of Life/Habitat
|
Example
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| Adaptations Over Time
|
Example
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| Common Names/Nicknames
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Jawless Fish
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| Additional Information
|
Example
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Class Placodermi
| Picture(s)
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[[]]
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| Fossil Range
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Example
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| Taxonomy
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Example
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| Distinctive Features
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Example
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| Typical Modes of Life/Habitat
|
Example
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| Adaptations Over Time
|
Example
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| Common Names/Nicknames
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Armored Jawed Fish
|
| Additional Information
|
Example
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Genus Bothriolepis
| Picture(s)
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[[]]
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| Fossil Range
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Example
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| Taxonomy
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Example
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| Mode of Life or Habitat
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Example
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| Diet
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Example
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| Common Names
|
Example
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| Typical Features
|
Example
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| Additional Information
|
Example
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Genus Dunkleostetus
| Picture(s)
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[[]]
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| Fossil Range
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Example
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| Taxonomy
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Example
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| Mode of Life or Habitat
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Example
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| Diet
|
Example
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| Common Names
|
Example
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| Typical Features
|
Example
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| Additional Information
|
Example
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Class Chondrichthyes
| Picture(s)
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[[]]
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| Fossil Range
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Example
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| Taxonomy
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Example
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| Distinctive Features
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Example
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| Typical Modes of Life/Habitat
|
Example
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| Adaptations Over Time
|
Example
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| Common Names/Nicknames
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Armored Jawed Fish
|
| Additional Information
|
Example
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Superorder Selachimorpha
| Picture(s)
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[[]]
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| Fossil Range
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Example
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| Taxonomy
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Example
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| Distinctive Features
|
Example
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| Typical Modes of Life/Habitat
|
Example
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| Adaptations Over Time
|
Example
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| Common Names/Nicknames
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Sharks
|
| Additional Information
|
Example
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Genus Otodus
| Picture(s)
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[[]]
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| Fossil Range
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Example
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| Taxonomy
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Example
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| Mode of Life or Habitat
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Example
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| Diet
|
Example
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| Common Names
|
Example
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| Typical Features
|
Example
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| Additional Information
|
Example
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Genus Carcharocles
| Picture(s)
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[[]]
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Example
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Example
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| Mode of Life or Habitat
|
Example
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| Diet
|
Example
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| Common Names
|
Example
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| Typical Features
|
Example
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| Additional Information
|
Example
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Species C. megalodon
| Picture(s)
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[[]]
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Example
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| Taxonomy
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Example
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| Mode of Life or Habitat
|
Example
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| Diet
|
Example
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| Common Names
|
Example
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| Typical Features
|
Example
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| Additional Information
|
Example
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Genus Dunkleostetus
| Picture(s)
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[[]]
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| Fossil Range
|
Example
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| Taxonomy
|
Example
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| Mode of Life or Habitat
|
Example
|
| Diet
|
Example
|
| Common Names
|
Example
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| Typical Features
|
Example
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| Additional Information
|
Example
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Superorder Batoidea
| Picture(s)
|
[[]]
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| Fossil Range
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Example
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| Taxonomy
|
Example
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| Distinctive Features
|
Example
|
| Typical Modes of Life/Habitat
|
Example
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| Adaptations Over Time
|
Example
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| Common Names/Nicknames
|
Sharks
|
| Additional Information
|
Example
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Superclass Osteichthyes
| Picture(s)
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[[]]
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| Fossil Range
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Example
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| Taxonomy
|
Example
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| Distinctive Features
|
Example
|
| Typical Modes of Life/Habitat
|
Example
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| Adaptations Over Time
|
Example
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| Common Names/Nicknames
|
Example
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| Additional Information
|
Example
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Class Actinopterygii
| Picture(s)
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[[]]
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| Fossil Range
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Example
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| Taxonomy
|
Example
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| Distinctive Features
|
Example
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| Typical Modes of Life/Habitat
|
Example
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| Adaptations Over Time
|
Example
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| Common Names/Nicknames
|
Example
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| Additional Information
|
Example
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Genus Knightia
| Picture(s)
|
[[]]
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| Fossil Range
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Example
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| Taxonomy
|
Example
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| Mode of Life or Habitat
|
Example
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| Diet
|
Example
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| Common Names
|
Example
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| Typical Features
|
Example
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| Additional Information
|
Example
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Genus Xiphactinus
| Picture(s)
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[[]]
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Example
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Example
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| Mode of Life or Habitat
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Example
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| Diet
|
Example
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| Common Names
|
Example
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| Typical Features
|
Example
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| Additional Information
|
Example
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Class Sarcopterygii
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[[]]
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Example
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Example
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| Distinctive Features
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Example
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| Typical Modes of Life/Habitat
|
Example
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| Adaptations Over Time
|
Example
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| Common Names/Nicknames
|
Example
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| Additional Information
|
Example
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Genus Eusthenopteron
| Picture(s)
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[[]]
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Example
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Example
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|
Example
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| Diet
|
Example
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| Common Names
|
Example
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| Typical Features
|
Example
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| Additional Information
|
Example
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Genus Latimeria
| Picture(s)
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[[]]
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Example
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Example
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|
Example
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| Diet
|
Example
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| Common Names
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Coelacanth
|
| Typical Features
|
Example
|
| Additional Information
|
Example
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Genus Tiktaalik
| Picture(s)
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[[]]
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| Fossil Range
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Example
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Example
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Example
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Example
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| Common Names
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Example
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| Typical Features
|
Example
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| Additional Information
|
Example
|
